骨科英文书籍精读（386）｜跟骨骨折损伤机制
中国十大名师之一赖世雄老师说过，学习英语没有捷径，少就是多，快就是慢。不要以量取胜，把一个音标、一个单词、一段对话、一篇文章彻底搞透，慢慢积累，你会发现，你并不比每天走马观花的输入大量英文学的差。
FRACTURES OF THE CALCANEUM
The calcaneum is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone, and in 5–10 per cent of cases both heels are injured simultaneously. Crush injuries, although they always heal in the biological sense, are likely to be followed by long-term disability. The general attitude to these injuries at the beginning of the twentieth century (at least from an industrial point of view) was that “the man who breaks his heel-bone is finished”. This was followed by attempts, throughout the latter part of that century, to modify the outcome through open reduction and internal fixation of these fractures.
Mechanism of injury
In most cases the patient falls from a height, often from a ladder, onto one or both heels. The calcaneum is driven up against the talus and is split or crushed. Over 20 per cent of these patients suffer associated injuries of the spine, pelvis or hip.
Avulsion fractures sometimes follow traction injuries of the tendo Achillis or the ankle ligaments. Occasionally the bone is shattered by a direct blow.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
biological sense从生物学意义
ladder /ˈlædər/n. 阶梯；途径
Occasionally the bone is shattered by a direct blow. 有时直接打击会使骨头粉碎。
shatter/ˈʃætər/vt. 粉碎；打碎；破坏；
DeepL翻译（仅供参考，建议自己翻译）：
跟骨骨折
跟骨是最常见的跗骨骨折，在5%-10%的病例中，两个脚跟同时受伤。挤压伤虽然在生物学意义上总是会愈合，但很可能会出现长期残疾。二十世纪初，人们对这些伤害的普遍态度（至少从工业角度来看）是 "脚跟骨断裂的人就完蛋了"。随后，在该世纪的后半段，人们试图通过对这些骨折进行开放性复位和内固定来改变其结果。
受伤的机制
在大多数情况下，病人从高处跌落，通常是从梯子上跌落，摔在一个或两个脚跟上。跟骨被推到距骨上，被劈开或压碎。超过20%的患者会受到脊柱、骨盆或髋部的相关损伤。
撕脱性骨折有时伴随着跟腱或踝关节韧带的牵引损伤。偶尔，骨头也会被直接击碎。