程序员的绘图利器 — Graphviz

概述

官网：http://www.graphviz.org/

Graphviz (Graph Visualization Software) 是一个由AT&T实验室启动的开源工具包。DOT是一种图形描述语言，非常简单的，

Graphviz就是用来处理这种语言的工具。只需要简单了解一下DOT语言，就可以用Graphviz绘图了，它对程序员特别有用。

So in short, if you are a programmer, it is born for you。

无向图

1. graph graphname {
2. a -- b -- c;
3. b -- d;
4. }

有向图

1. digraph graphname {
2. a -> b -> c;
3. b -> d;
4. }

属性

1. //DOT语言中，可以对节点和边添加不同的属性。
2. digraph graphname {
3. //节点的属性，节点的名称
4. a [lable = 'Foo'];
5. //节点的属性，节点的形状
6. b [shape = box];
7. //边的属性，边的颜色
8. a -> b -> c [color = blue];
9. //边的属性，边的线状
10. b -> d [style = dotted];
11. }

基本图形

1. digraph G {
2. //把图片的尺寸设为4inch * 4inch
3. size = '4,4';
4. main [shape = box];
5. //边的重要程度，默认是1
6. main->parse [weight = 8];
7. parse->execute;
8. //点状线
9. main->init[style = dotted];
10. main->cleanup;
11. //连接了两条线
12. execute->{make_string;printf}
13. init->make_string;
14. //把边的默认颜色设为red
15. edge [color = red];
16. main->printf [sytle=bold, label = '100times'];
17. //节点的名称
18. make_string [label = 'make a\nstring'];
19. //设置节点的默认属性
20. node [shape=box,style =filled,color=lightgrey];
21. execute->compare;
22. }

多边形

1. digraph G{
2. a -> b -> c;
3. b -> d;
4. /* 形状为多边形，边数为5，外框为3条，颜色为淡蓝，样式为填充 */
5. a [shape = polygon, sides = 5, peripheries = 3, color = lightblue, style = filled];
6. /* 形状为多边形，边数为4，角的倾斜度为0.4，内容为hellow world*/
7. c [shape = polygon, sides = 4, skew = 0.4, label = 'hello world'];
8. /* 形状为倒三角，整体旋转30度 */
9. d [shape = invtriangle,orientation = 30];
10. /* 形状为多边形，边数为4，扭曲度为0.7 */
11. e [shape = polygon, sides = 4, distortion = 0.7];
12. }

数据结构

（1）复杂的标签

1. digraph structs {
2. /* 把节点的默认形状设为矩形record，默认的是圆角矩形Mrecord */
3. node [shape = record];
4. struct1 [label = 'left|middle|right'];
5. struct2 [label = 'one|two'];
6. struct3 [label = 'hello\nworld|{b|{c|d|e}|f}|g|h'];
7. struct1 -> struct2;
8. struct1 -> struct3;
9. }




1. graph picture {
2. //这幅图的名字
3. label = 'I love you';
4. //图名字的位置在bottom，也可以是t
5. labelloc = b;
6. //图名字的位置在left，也可以是r
7. labeljust = l;
8. edge[decorate = true];
9. C -- D [label = 's1'];
10. C -- E [label = 's2'];
11. C -- F [label = 's3'];
12. D -- E [label = 's4'];
13. D -- F [label = 's5'];
14. edge[decorate = false, labelfontcolor = blue, fontcolor = red];
15. C1 -- D1 [headlabel = 'c1',taillabel = 'd1',label = 'c1 - d1'];
16. }




（2）行列对齐

1. digraph html {
2. rankdir = LR;
3. {
4. node[shape = plaintext];
5. 1995 -> 1996 -> 1997 -> 1998 -> 1999 -> 2000 -> 2001;
6. }
7. {
8. node[shape = box, style = filled];
9. WAR3 -> Xhero -> Footman -> DOTA:
10. WAR3 -> Battleship;
11. }
12. {rank = same; 1996; WAR3;}
13. {rank = same; 1998; Xhero; Battleship;}
14. {rank = same; 1999; Footman;}
15. {rank = same; 2001; DOTA;}
16. }

（3）二叉树

1. digraph G {
2. label = 'Binary search tree';
3. node [shape = record];
4. A [label = '<f0>|<f1>A|<f2>'];
5. B [label = '<f0>|<f1>B|<f2>'];
6. C [label = '<f0>|<f1>C|<f2>'];
7. D [label = '<f0>|<f1>D|<f2>'];
8. E [label = '<f0>|<f1>E|<f2>'];
9. F [label = '<f0>|<f1>F|<f2>'];
10. G [label = '<f0>|<f1>G|<f2>'];
11. A:f0 -> B:f1;
12. A:f2 -> C:f1;
13. B:f0 -> D:f1;
14. B:f2 -> E:f1;
15. C:f0 -> F:f1;
16. C:f2 -> G:f1;
17. }

（4）哈希表

1. digraph G{
2. nodesep = .05;
3. rankdir = LR;
4. node [shape = record,width = .1,height = .1];
5. node0 [label = '<f0>|<f1>|<f2>|<f3>|<f4>|<f5>|<f6>|',height = 2.5];
6. node [width = 1.5];
7. node1 [label = '{<n>n14|719|<p>}'];
8. node2 [label = '{<n>a1|805|<p>}'];
9. node3 [label = '{<n>i9|718|<p>}'];
10. node4 [label = '{<n>e5|989|<p>}'];
11. node5 [label = '{<n>t20|959|<p>}'];
12. node6 [label = '{<n>o15|794|<p>}'];
13. node7 [label = '{<n>s19|659|<p>}'];
14. node0:f0 -> node1:n;
15. node0:f1 -> node2:n;
16. node0:f2 -> node3:n;
17. node0:f5 -> node4:n;
18. node0:f6 -> node5:n;
19. node2:p -> node6:n;
20. node4:p -> node7:n;
21. }


 

流程图

1. digraph G{
2. subgraph cluster0 {
3. node [style = filled,color = white];
4. style = filled;
5. color = lightgrey;
6. a0 -> a1 -> a2 -> a3;
7. label = 'process #1';
8. }
9. subgraph cluster1 {
10. node [style = filled];
11. b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;
12. label = 'process #2';
13. color = blue;
14. }
15. start -> a0;
16. start -> b0;
17. a1 -> b3;
18. b2 -> a3;
19. a3 -> a0;
20. a3 -> end;
21. b3 -> end;
22. start [shape = Mdiamond];
23. end [shape = Msquare];
24. }




Reference

[1] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/DOT语言，DOT语言简明介绍。

[2] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/Graphviz，简单背景知识。

[3] Graphviz中文指南。