一起来历劫 | 四六级 Day 11
- Sunday-
对话框回复“早安”或者“morning"，获取清晨元气满满的英文金句
有书英语共读发起“四六级历劫”计划
三个月带你飞升上神！
真题再现
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, but doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries' consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains. Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers."
But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.
gain
英 [geɪn] 美 [ɡen]
n. 增加；利润；收获
vt. 获得；增加；赚到
reserve
英 [rɪ'zɜːv] 美 [rɪ'zɝv]
n. 储备，储存；自然保护区；预备队；缄默；[金融] 储备金
vt. 储备；保留；预约
subsidy
英 ['sʌbsɪdɪ] 美 ['sʌbsədi]
n. 补贴；津贴；补助金
Venezuela
英 [,veni'zweilə] 美 [,vɛnɪ'zwelə]
n. 委内瑞拉
collapse
英 [kə'læps] 美 [kə'læps]
vi. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌
vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷；折叠
n. 倒塌；失败；衰竭
cancel out
取消；抵销
build up
集结，聚集；逐渐积累(资金等)，逐渐积累到(to)
free-fall
(价值或价格的)自由跌落
原文阅读翻译
最大的受益者是像中国，日本和印度这样的石油进口大国。那么这些国家的消费者在油价上省下的钱，不就等于石油生产国的损失吗？不能抵消收益吗？不尽然。经济研究员萨拉·强森表示：“很多石油生产国在油价高的时候，能积累巨额的储备金，当油价下跌时，就可以将储备金用于政府支出和消费补贴。”
但并非所有石油生产国都存有大量储备金。在委内瑞拉，油价暴跌导致经济呈自由落体式下滑。
阅读练习
What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?
A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.
B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.
C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.
翻译练习
汉译英：
许多原油生产国正在削减汽油补贴，并增加税收。
阅读解析
1
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, but doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries' consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains?
最大的受益者是像中国，日本和印度这样的石油进口大国。那么这些国家的消费者在油价上省下的钱，不就等于石油生产国的损失吗？不能抵消收益吗？
解析：
1. countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India.
本句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。
此时，从句中动词的单复数形式要与先行词的单复数一致。
like 在此处表示例如，类似于for example。
2. but 连接一个疑问句，所以用doesn't 开头。
3.cancelling out the gains 是动词ing做伴随状语。
2
Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers.”
不尽然。 经济研究员萨拉·强森表示：“很多石油生产国在油价高的时候，能积累巨额的储备金，当油价下跌时，就可以将储备金用于政府支出和消费补贴。”
解析：
1. not necessarily 表示不尽然，不一定。(possible, but not certainly)
例如：
That is not necessarily true.
那不一定是真的。
2. 本句中，when 用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
例如：
They learned a lot from the peasants when they stayed in the village.
他们住在那个村子时,从农民那里学到了许多东西。
It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
他到达车站时，天正下着雪。
注意：如果 when 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词是“ be ＋分词” 或从句主语是 it ，则 be 动词及其主语常可省略。
例如：When （ he was ） asked why he was late, he made no answer.
当被问到他为什么迟到时，他避而不答。
3
But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.
但并非所有石油生产国都存有大量储备金。在委内瑞拉，油价暴跌导致经济呈自由落体式下滑。
解析：
1. not all 表示半否定，意思是并非所有的。
2. send into 使变得；使处于某种状态。