骨科英文书籍精读（228）｜股骨颈骨折（1）
中国十大名师之一赖世雄老师说过，学习英语没有捷径，少就是多，快就是慢。不要以量取胜，把一个音标、一个单词、一段对话、一篇文章彻底搞透，慢慢积累，你会发现，你并不比每天走马观花的输入大量英文学的差。
FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK
The femoral neck is the commonest site of fractures in the elderly. The vast majority of patients are Caucasian women in the seventh and eighth decades, and the association with osteoporosis is so manifest that the incidence of femoral neck fractures has been used as a measure of age-related osteoporosis in population studies. Other risk factors include bone-losing or bone-weakening disorders such as osteomalacia, diabetes, stroke (disuse), alcoholism and chronic debilitating disease. In addition, old people often have weak muscles and poor balance resulting in an increased tendency to fall.
The association of femoral neck fracture with postmenopausal bone loss has stimulated renewed interest in screening for osteoporosis and prophylactic measures in the ‘at risk’ population (see Chapter 7). By contrast, this injury is much less common among people whose bone mass is above that of the population average, e.g. those with osteoarthritis of the hip.
Femoral neck fractures are also much less common in black (Negroid) peoples than in whites and Asians. The reasons for this phenomenon are poorly understood. Slightly higher bone mass and a slower rate of bone loss after the menopause may be significant, but a qualitative difference in bone structure has also been suggested: even among people with the same bone mass, those with greater loss of trabecular interconnectivity (typical in elderly whites) will suffer fractures more easily than those with firmer structure.
The incidence of femoral neck fractures is set to double over the next 30 years; this is a reflection of a higher number of individuals living beyond 65 years and a parallel rise in those affected with osteoporosis. The economic impact of treating, rehabilitating and caring for this group of patients is increasingly being recognized, with many governments and healthcare administration bodies focusing on preventive strategies.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
Caucasian /kɔːˈkeɪʒn/n. 白种人；高加索人adj. 白种人的；高加索的
manifest /ˈmænɪfest/adj. 显然的，明显的；显现出的n. 载货单，货单；旅客名单；
osteomalacia, /ˌɑːstɪoʊməˈleɪʃə/n. [外科] 骨软化；[内科] 软骨病
alcoholism/ˈælkəhɑːlɪzəm/n. 酗酒；[内科] 酒精中毒
debilitating /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪtɪŋ/adj. 使衰弱的v. 使虚弱（debilitate的ing形式）
postmenopausal/,postmenə'pɔzəl/adj. （妇女）绝经后的
screening /ˈskriːnɪŋ/n. 筛选；放映；[物] 屏蔽；审查；防波adj. 筛选的v. 筛选；拍摄（screen的ing形式）；遮蔽；隔挡
screen/skriːn/n. 屏，幕；屏风vt. 筛；拍摄；放映；掩蔽
prophylactic measures 预防措施
qualitative /ˈkwɑːlɪteɪtɪv/adj. 定性的；质的，性质上的
bone mass,骨量
trabecular interconnectivity小梁的互连
/trə'bekjulə/adj. 小梁的；有小带的；有横隔片的
The incidence of femoral neck fractures is set to double over the next 30 years;股骨颈骨折的发生率在未来30年里将增加一倍;
百度翻译：
股骨颈骨折
股骨颈是老年人最常见的骨折部位。绝大多数患者是70年代和80年代的高加索女性，与骨质疏松症的关联非常明显，因此在人群研究中，股骨颈骨折的发生率被用作衡量与年龄相关的骨质疏松症的指标。其他危险因素包括骨丢失或骨质疏松症，如骨软化症、糖尿病、中风（停用）、酒精中毒和慢性虚弱病。此外，老年人经常肌肉无力，平衡能力差，导致跌倒倾向增加。
股骨颈骨折与绝经后骨质丢失的关联，刺激了“高危人群”对骨质疏松症筛查和预防措施的新兴趣（见第7章）。相比之下，这种损伤在骨量高于人群平均水平的人群中不太常见，例如髋关节骨关节炎患者。
与白人和亚洲人相比，黑人（黑人）股骨颈骨折也不常见。造成这种现象的原因尚不清楚。更年期后略高的骨量和较慢的骨丢失率可能是显著的，但也有人认为在骨结构上存在质的差异：即使在相同骨量的人群中，那些小梁间连通性丧失较大的人（典型的老年白人）比结构更坚固的人更容易发生骨折。
股骨颈骨折的发病率在未来30年内将翻一番；这反映出65岁以上的人越来越多，骨质疏松症患者的发病率也相应上升。随着许多政府和医疗管理机构将重点放在预防策略上，治疗、康复和护理这类患者的经济影响正日益被认识到。