船舶消防行动及灭火程序指导（有参考价值）

消防行动及灭火程序总指示

General Instructions on Fire-FightingActivities and Fire-Fighting Procedures.

总指示

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

船舶火灾是严重的紧急情况。

FIRE ON BOARD IS A SERIOUS EMERGENCY.

必须对每起火警报、烟雾、燃烧气味做全面的调查。绝不允许当成误报 警。

Fire alarms, smoke, burning smells, mustalways be investigated fully. Never assume it is a false alarm.

处理火情的反应速度最为重要。

Speed with which the fire is tackled is ofutmost importance.

一般来说，一起严重的火灾，特别是发生在机舱或货舱里，如果在十分钟 内还无法控制得火情，就应使用二氧化碳（CO2）或其他固定消防系统。对使用固定消防系统要毫不迟疑。最好是要谨慎，因为如果采取行动不及 时，就会对灭火无效。

In general, if a SERIOUS fire, especiallyin the Engine Room or Cargo space cannot be brought under control within about10 minutes the CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) or other fixed fire fighting system shouldbe used. Never hesitate to use the fixed firefighting systems. It is better to becautious, because if the action is not taken in time, it may not be effective.

船上人员当看到着火或闻到烟味时,应即:

Person seeing the fire or smelling smokeshall:

a) 拉响警铃- 用走廊里最近的手动火警报警按钮。

Raise the alarm - Use nearest manual firealarm in alleyways.

b) 大声呼喊：着火了、着火了.

Shout “Fire, Fire”.

c) 通知驾驶台/值班驾驶员/值班轮机员，报告火警地点及自己的名字。

Inform bridge / duty officer / dutyengineer giving location of fire and his name.

d) 如是小火，尝试用灭火器去扑救。

If the fire is small, attempt to extinguishit with a fire extinguisher.

e) 如果火势大，关闭起火舱室的间隔门及其他进出口，等待救援。没 有适当的保护设备，不要进入有烟雾的地方。

If fire is large, close compartment door,all other accesses and wait for assistance. Do not enter any place where smokeis present, without proper equipment.

值班驾驶员/轮机员应拉响总报警，如果有广播系统，应通过广播通知火 警位置。

Duty Officer / Engineer should sound thegeneral emergency signal giving the location on the public address system ifavailable.

所有人员听到警报后应立刻赶到紧急集合点就位。

All personnel shall immediately proceed totheir emergency stations.

机舱或货舱严重火灾/释放二氧化碳

Major Fire in ENGINE ROOM or CARGO SPACES /CO2 release

用于扑灭机舱或货舱大火的固定灭火系统有二氧化碳（CO2）、卤代烷

（HALON）、泡沫（FOAM）。

CO2 / HALON / FOAM are various fixed fire fighting systems used toextinguish major Engine Room or Cargo Space Fires.

概要说明：

General Instructions

·      船长根据轮机长/大副的建议决定是否使用该系统。

The decision to use the system will be madeby the Master acting on advice from the Chief Engineer / Chief Officer

·      着火机舱或货舱的所有通风口必须关闭，起火处所要完全密封。

All vents to be shut and the space sealedcompletely

·      所有人员必须赶往应变集合点，清点人数。

All personnel to proceed to emergencystations and head count to be taken.

·      轮机长（轮机长不在时的替代人）负责释放二氧化碳。

Chief Engineer (or substitute in hisabsence) will release CO2.

·      迅速采取行动以防止火灾蔓延到生活区。

Take prompt actions to prevent fire fromspreading into accommodation.

·      除非是小火，货舱火灾采用直接扑救是无效的，应尽早考虑使用二氧化碳（CO2）灭火。

Other than in minor fires, direct attack offire in a cargo hold is not effective and use of CO2 as early as possible mustbe considered.

初始行动

Initial Actions

驾驶台小组

BRIDGE TEAM

值班轮机员/机舱小组

DUTY ENGINEER / ENGINE TEAM

支持队

SUPPORT TEAM:

特别任务组

SPECIAL DUTY TEAM

后续行动

Follow Up Actions

·      检查起火位置的六面（上下左右前后）是否有热点

Check all six sides for hot spots

·      初始行动完毕后立刻通知公司。

Inform office once initial actions havebeen handled.

证据收集

Evidence Collection

请参照本章后面的相关章节。

Refer to appropriate section at the end ofthis chapter.

紧急报告

Emergency Reporting

请参照本章后面的相关章节。

Refer to appropriate section at the end ofthis chapter.

甲板 /生活区 /货舱失火

DECK / ACCOMMODATION / CARGO SPACE fires

 

初始行动

Initial Actions

驾驶台小组

BRIDGE TEAM

应急小组EMERGENCY TEAM

尽快作出评估并核实（如适用）：

Make quick assessment and verify following (as applicable)：

根据以上评估制定救火计划。

Plan fire fighting based on above results.

支持队

SUPPORT TEAM

机舱小组

ENGINE TEAM

特别任务组

SPECIAL DUTY TEAM

后续行动

Follow Up Actions

·      继续看守起火位置的六面（上下左右前后）。

Maintain fire watch on all six sides atfire location.

·      评估火灾对船舶和货物造成的损坏。

Assess damage to vessel and or to cargo.

·      检查船舶的适航性、浮力、稳性、吃水差、倾斜情况等。

Check vessel‟s seaworthiness, buoyancy,stability, trim, list etc.

·      检查其他因火灾造成的次生危害（溢出海洋污染物、释放有害气体、货物绑扎系固等）。

Check other hazards caused by fire(spillage of marine pollutant, released gases, cargo securing etc)

·      如若有为安全而采取了紧急行动应立刻通知公司。

Inform office after immediate actions forsafety have been taken.

·      观察天气预报。

Observe weather forecast.

·      恢复船舶的正常航行/运作。

Restore normal ship routine / operation.

·      使用过的/消耗完的消防器材能够再次使用。

Make used / exhausted fire fightingequipment operational.

·      用本章后面提供的标准格式发送火灾紧急报告和附加报告。

·      SendStandard Emergency Report and additional report for fire given at the end ofthis chapter.

证据收集

Evidence Collection

参照本章后面相关的章节。

Refer to appropriate section at the end ofthis chapter

紧急报告

Emergency Reporting

参照本章后面相关章节。

Refer to appropriate section at the end ofthis chapter

机舱失火

ENGINE ROOM FIRE

(A)  扫气道失火

Scavenge Space Fire

(B) 废气锅炉节能器失火

Exhaust Gas Boiler Economizer Fire

(C) 舱底失火

Tank Top (Bilges) Fire

一般介绍

General Instructions

扫气道失火的征兆：

Symptoms of scavenge fires are:

·      触发扫气道总管高温报警。

Activation of scavenge manifold hightemperature alarm.

·      排气温度和扫气温度突然升高。

Sudden rise in exhaust and scavengetemperature.

·      涡轮增压器喘振。Surging of Turbochargers. 废气锅炉/节能器失火征兆：

Symptoms of exhaust Gas Boiler / Economizerfire

·      废气锅炉压力突然升高或废气锅炉节能器的废气出口温度达到比如说摄氏200度。

Sudden rise in exhaust boiler pressure orthe outlet temperature of the exhaust gases in EGE reaches say 200° deg „C‟.

·      触发警报器。

Activation of alarm.

初始行动

Initial Actions

驾驶台小组

BRIDGE TEAM

值班轮机员/机舱分队

DUTYENGINEER / ENGINE TEAM

应急小组

EMERGENCY TEAM

支持队

SUPPORT TEAM

关闭下列设备：

Shut following:

吹风机风门档板

·      Blowerflaps

烟囱调节风门

·      FunnelDampers

烟囱门

·      FunnelDoors

所有通向机舱的入口

·      AllEntrances to Engine Room

寻找6面的热点（前后上下左右）

·      Look for hot spots all 6 sides

特别任务组

Special Duty TEAM

关掉可能会被水损坏的机舱鼓风机或者设备。

·  Switchoff Engine room blowers or equipment which may be damaged by water.

医疗分队

MEDICAL TEAM

将担架、急救药箱带到消防队员使用的进出口。

·  Bringstretcher, first aid kit to the point of entry or exit used by fire fighters.

将受伤人员转移到安全地点并给予急救。

·   Removecasualty to safety and give first aid.

后续行动

Follow Up Actions

在为了安全而采取了紧急行动之后，通知公司

Inform office after immediate actions forsafety have been taken.

证据收集(适用于甲板、货舱和机舱火灾)

Evidence Collection (For Deck, Cargo Spaceand Engine Room fire)

火情发现者的陈述。

·      Statementsof the persons discovering the fire.

船舶消防队队员的姓名、职位和职责。

·      Name,rank and duties of the ship‟s fire fighting team.

投入实战的灭火措施。

·      Measuresinitiated to combat the fire.

如果释放了二氧化碳，使用的数量。

·      IfCO2 released, quantity used.

被火灾损坏的物体、物品和区域。

·      Objects,items, areas damaged by fire.

如有任何人员受伤 － 受伤人员的姓名、职位和职责。

·      Ifany injury – Name, rank and duties of the person injured.

给予治疗的种类，送岸还是留船。

·      Typeof treatment given, sent ashore or on board.

岸上援助抵达的时间。

·      Timeshore assistance arrived.

岸基消防队队员的姓名、职位和职责。

·      Name,rank and duties of any shore-based fire fighting team.

火灾时的天气情况。

·      Weatherat the time of fire.

当时的潮汐和洋流

·      Prevailingtide and currents.

紧急事件报告(适用于重大火灾、甲板和机舱火灾)

Emergency Reporting (for MAJOR FIRE deckand engine room fire)

除“标准紧急事件报告”之外，还应发送下列内容：

In addition to “Standard Emergency Report”send following:

1.     Exactlocation of fire on board.

船上火灾的确切位置。

2.     Hasthe fire been put out? Current status of fire?

火灾是否已被扑灭？火灾现在的状况？

3.     Whatare the compartments on four sides?

四周有哪些舱室？

4.     Whatare the compartments above?

上面有哪些舱室？

5.     Whatare the compartments below?

下面有哪些舱室？

6.     Isthe compartment where fire took place, still closed?

发生火灾的舱室是否仍然关闭？

7.     What      are  the  temperaturesin    adjoining compartments?

毗邻舱室的温度多少？

8.     Whatmethod was used to extinguish the fire?

救火使用了什么方法？

9.     Whatis stock of CO2 on board?

船上二氧化碳的存量有多少？

10.   Smoke  / Breathing  Apparatus  capacity available onboard?

船上可用的防烟雾/呼吸器容量是否足够？

11.   Isthere any risk of re-ignition of fire?

是否存在复燃的危险？

12.   Whatis damaged?

损坏了什么？

转自：王老轨