资深英语老师整理！小学1-6年级英语重难点知识大汇总，考试必背
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1. a, an的选择: 元音音素开头的单词用an,辅音音素开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 表示“一些”时的选择:肯定句常用some, 疑问句和否定句常用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)
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当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 be动词 (am , is , are ) 形容词比较级 than(比) 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆
比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
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动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A.规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied， carry – carried， worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B.不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
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① 一般的直接在后面加上-ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加-ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
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人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格区别：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)'我'-- me (宾格)'我'
主格在陈述句中通常放句首，宾格通常放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me.(me 宾格)
I ask him to go. (him 宾格)
They sit in front of me. (me 宾格)
主格(8个)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们
宾格(8个)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们
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1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2.否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆
否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 'not'。
有be动词的句子则'not'加在be后面,可缩写成'isn't,aren't',但am not 一般都分开写。
没有be动词的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上'not',你也可以把它们缩写在一起如'don't , doesn't , didn't )。
这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中'does'只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而'did'只用于一般过去时,不论人称为单数或复数,都用'did' 。
3.一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用'yes',或'no'来回答。
如:Are you a student ？Yes, I am No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor？Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆
一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把be动词调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有be动词的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中'does'只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而'did'只用于一般过去时,不论人称是单数或复数,都用'did' 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4.特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用'yes ,no'来回答。
如: What is this？
Where are you going？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？
When do you usually get up？
Why do you like spring best ？
How are you？
☆注意☆
其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,
如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have ？
How many girls can you see ？
how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以下三种搭配,
How many 名词复数 do you have 你有多少……
How many 名词复数 can you see 你能看见多少……
How many 名词复数 are there… 有多少……
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1.缩略形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外，are要把a变成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2.缩略形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。
3.把完全形式变成缩略形式时，一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's
4.记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i)
5.记住：this is 没有缩略形式this's(错误)
6.常见的缩略形式：
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is
they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not
doesn't=does not isn't=is not
aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will
wasn't=was not