阻止卖身求鱼行动受阻
In 2019, the No Sex For Fish project has run into obstacles.
2019年时，“拒绝卖身求鱼”运动曾遭受了阻碍。
There weren't a lot of boats to start with.
刚开始时船不是很多。
And over the years, some of them broke down.
而随着时光的推移，有一些船慢慢废旧了。
They sprang leaks.
它们会开始漏水。
They had to be grounded.
而不得不上岸废弃。
By Justine's estimation, today about six boats are still able to go out on the lake — three of them at Nduru Beach and the remainder at neighboring villages.
据贾丝廷估计，如今只有六艘船能够下水了——三艘在纳嘟噜湖岸，其他的在附近的村庄。
Buying a new boat requires cash — the equivalent of about $1,000 for a sailboat and $1,500 for a boat with a motor that could go deeper into the lake, where fish are more plentiful (the motorboat idea came from the women in the cooperative).
买新船需要资金——一艘帆船需要1000美元而一艘能够去到更远的，鱼儿更多的地方的电动船则需要1500美元（电动船是合作的女人们想出来的）。
Even for a longtime fisherman, that's a lot of money.
即便对一名资深的渔夫来说，这笔钱也太大了。
One fisherman told us he recently had to sell a cow to buy a new boat.
一名渔夫告诉我们他最近不得不卖掉了一头牛来买一艘新船。
The women whose boats are out of commission do not have the savings or resources to buy new boats.
那些船不能用了的女人们美元积蓄，也没有资源去买新船。
Many of them are widows.
她们中很多都是寡妇。
The women who used to earn a living from the fish brought in on their boats now have to cobble together money through other means — selling vegetables they grow, cleaning fish on the beach, relying on a goat or a cow for milk or sending it to slaughter if need be.
曾经靠自己的船打鱼维生的女人们如今不得不另谋他途——靠卖自己种的蔬菜，在岸边清洗鱼，卖挤羊奶，挤牛奶或者把牛羊送去宰杀。
When her boat was grounded, Naomy had this reaction: "I was very discouraged.Because the money I was getting from the boat I was using to pay for my firstborn's school fees. And when [the boat] fell apart, my heart was broken, and I felt low."
当娜奥米的船废弃后，她的反应是：“我非常沮丧。用来靠这船挣来的钱我用来交了老大的学费了。船坏掉后，我的心也碎了，真的很难过。”
Rebbeccah Atieno, 35, is another boat owner whose boat was grounded.
瑞贝可·阿提诺，35岁，她的船也废弃了。
She's a widow, raising six children.
她是一名寡妇，养了六个孩子。
Asked if she thinks she'll get another boat, she says quietly, "I have no hope."
当问道是否再买新船时，她默默地说,"没希望了。"
How did this project, which held so much promise, come to falter?
为什么这项给人们带来了如此多希望的计划会遇到困难呢？
There are lots of theories.
有很多的理论。
The women say the initial boats they received were well made.
这些女人们说一开始她们收到的船是很坚固的。
They blame VIRED for the problems — that's the local nonprofit group that administered the money from the first several grants.
他们将问题归咎于VIRED——这是一个管理最初几笔拨款的当地非盈利组织。
The women say that VIRED commissioned inferior boats in subsequent years.
女人们说VIRED后来几年就开始买质量更差的船了。
"Yeah, the timber which was used to make those boats were not quality — in fact the lowest one," says Justine.
“是的，用来造船的木材质量不好——用的是最差的木材，”贾丝廷说道。
Dan Abuto, a field officer at VIRED, disagrees.
丹·阿布托是VIRED的一名当地官员，他不同意这种说法。
He says the women helped select the wood.
他说就是这些当地妇女帮忙选的木材。
And he suspects that they used the boats in ways that put too much strain on their frames, like hauling sand.
他怀疑这些妇女用船的方式不当，给船身增加了太多了重量，比如说用来拖沙。
But there is a bigger question to ponder: Perhaps giving boats to a small number of women is not the most effective way to stop jaboya and reduce HIV transmission.
不过还有一个更大的问题：也许给少数妇女发船并不是阻止贾博亚和减少艾滋病传染的最佳办法。
The women optimistically claim that the boats did bring down the rates of jaboya.
妇女们乐观地说这些船确实降低了贾博亚的发生率。
It is hard to imagine otherwise when some of the women boat owners interviewed by us said yes, they had done jaboya — but now they've stopped.
否则很难想象一些接受采访的妇女说道，是的，她们曾经从事过贾博亚——但如今她们已经收手了。
But there has been no careful collection of data by an objective source.
然而并没有客观来源收集到可靠的数据。
Some Kenyan health officials wonder if the various beach councils could come up with a simple solution:
一些肯尼亚的健康官员担心这么多的湖岸委员会是否能相处一条简单的解决办法。
Assign each woman fishmonger to a specific boat and require that the boat sell fish to her with no jaboya as part of the transaction, suggests Zachary Kwena of the Kenya Medical Research Institute.
肯尼亚医学研究所的扎卡里· 柯文那建议，给每个女鱼贩分配一艘特定的船，并要求船在没有贾博亚的情况下卖鱼给她。
He does research on strategies to reduce the rate of HIV.
他一直从事着减少艾滋病感染率的策略的研究。
Such a municipal ruling might be hard to enforce, says Patrick Higdon of World Connect, which issued three of the grants for boats.
全球联络组织的帕特里克·希格登表示，这样的统一的裁决可能很难执行。
As for reducing HIV rates in Kenya's fishing communities, it's not clear how much of an impact a small number of boats can make.
至于减少肯尼亚渔业社区的艾滋病毒感染率，目前还不清楚少量船只能产生多大的影响。
Public health programs might be more effective.
公共卫生项目可能更有效。
For example, just getting people to know their HIV status and take antiretroviral medications if they are HIV-positive could help control the spread of the virus, says Kwena.
例如，只要让人们了解他们的艾滋病毒状况，如果他们是艾滋病毒阳性，服用抗逆转录病毒药物就可以帮助控制病毒的传播，柯文那说道。
But there's a lot of stigma around testing.
但在测试方面人们有很多顾忌。
"Some men don't want to know their status," he says.
“有些男性不希望指的他们的感染状况，”他说。
The Health Ministry is running programs to find ways to promote testing among men.
健康局正推行一些项目来想办法在男性中推广测试。
Like offering a reward: "a coupon for something that will be helpful in fishing work," Kwena says.
比如说提供奖励：“给他们发一种捕鱼作业时有用的券，”柯文那说道。
Or a competition where everyone who's tested is eligible to win a reward such as a bicycle, radio or phone.
又或者搞一个竞赛，任何参与测试的人都有可能赢得一个奖品，比如自行车，收音机或者手机。
"So people come," he says.
“有一些人参与了进来，”他说。
And in some clinics, a patient who comes in for a health problem, like hypertension or malaria, is given an HIV test as a matter of routine.
在一些诊所里，那些因为某种健康问题而来的患者，例如高血压或者疟疾，也会进行常规的艾滋病测试。
Meanwhile, no one thinks it'll be easy to convince fishermen that HIV is a looming threat and that the combination of jaboya and unprotected sex puts them at risk.
同时，大家都知道要让渔民们知道艾滋病正造成威胁，以及贾博亚和无保护性行为让他们面临风险，这是很难的。
These men go out on a lake where storms swell up and crocodiles lurk and an angry hippo could snap you in two in its jaws.
这些男性每天要去的湖里，可能会有风暴来袭，鳄鱼埋伏，还有可能被愤怒的河马咬成两半。
The potential danger of an invisible disease may not seem all that real, says Kwena.
而一种看不见的疾病带来的潜在危险相比之下就没那么实际了，柯文那说道。
The women of No Sex For Fish are convinced that boats are their way to a better future.
“组织卖身求鱼”的女人们坚信这些船是驶向她们更美好的未来的途径。
Justine and another villager, Mark Adede, who keeps all the financial records for the collective, have just submitted a grant asking for funds to buy 10 new boats and nets to keep No Sex For Fish going.
贾丝廷和另一名负责保管组织的财务收据的村民，马克·阿戴德，他们刚刚申请了一笔资金，用来买十艘新船和渔网，以便继续推行“组织卖身求鱼”行动。
World Connect will consider the new grant application.
全球联络组织将会考察这次新的基金申请。
The charity plans to do on-the-ground research to see what worked and what went wrong with the boats.
该慈善机构将会进行一些地面调查看看怎样才能行之有效，以及这些船到底出了什么问题。
If the charity decides to offer another grant, the money will go directly to the No Sex For Fish cooperative, with no middleman like VIRED handling the money.
如果该慈善组织批准了这次新的基金，这笔钱会直接进入“组织卖身求鱼”机构，而不会通过VIRED这样的中间人来管理。
That's the way its third grant was arranged, and it's the way World Connect prefers to work — directly with local people with no intermediaries.
这就是这第三笔基金的安排方式，也是全球联络组织更喜欢的方式——直接跟当地的人们合作，去掉中间人。
Reflecting on the project's short history, Higdon of World Connect says, "The ups and downs are not at all surprising."
关于这次项目短暂的受挫史，全球联络的希根说道，“这些波折不足为奇。”
Things can seem "very messy" with programs at the local level, he says.
局部地区的事务总是比较“难办”，他说道。
"Whatever happens, we really believe in these women and the work they're doing to help control HIV — and to help women fishmongers be more economically independent," says Higdon.
"They've got a really impressive commitment to a difficult problem. It's an uphill climb. And that inspires me — that they felt courageous enough to take that on."
文中提到阻止卖肾求鱼项目遇到的阻碍是什么？
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