第一枚原子弹爆炸75周年纪念
This is an Inside Science story.
这是一个科学内幕故事。
The Manhattan Project's massive effort to build the first atomic bomb led to the Trinity test on July 16, 1945.
1945年7月16日，曼哈顿计划为制造第一颗原子弹而进行的大规模努力带来了后来的“崔尼蒂实验”。
The project had consumed huge amounts of resources and, in building weapons of unprecedented potency, gave godlike power to flawed humans.
这个项目耗费了大量的资源，在制造威力空前的武器的同时，给了有缺陷的人类神一般的力量。
It also inspired innovations and actions that continue to cascade through science and culture in ways both predictable and surprising.
它还激发了很多的创新和尝试，这些创新和尝试仍然在以可预测和令人惊讶的方式在科学和文化中涌现。
In the decades that followed, scientists deployed the Manhattan Project's facilities to advance research across a wide range of disciplines, brought their messages directly to the public more often, saw the New Mexico desert location of the first bomb test become a tourist site -- and much, much more.
在接下来的几十年里，科学家们部署了曼哈顿计划的设施，以推进跨广泛学科的研究，更频繁地将他们的信息直接传递给公众，目睹了第一次炸弹试验所在的新墨西哥沙漠地区成为了一个旅游景点——此外还有很多很多类似的情形。
The power of the atom is undeniable and in many ways unfathomable.
原子的力量是不可否认的，在许多方面都是深不可测的。
The stories, videos and graphics collected here commemorate the 75th anniversary of Trinity and present a snapshot of how deeply the influence of the Manhattan Project has permeated science and culture.
这里收集的故事、视频和图片是为了纪念崔尼蒂实验75周年，同时也展示了曼哈顿计划对科学和文化的深远影响。
While we can't possibly capture the full extent of the project's history and legacy, in the timeline and stories below we present elements of it that we found inspiring, surprising, or illuminating.
虽然我们不可能完整地描述这个项目的历史和遗产，但是在下面的时间轴和故事中，我们展示了一些我们发现鼓舞人心、令人惊讶或具有启发性的元素。
As Manhattan Project physicist Joan Hinton told historian and physicist Ruth Howes, when the sound of the explosion reached those she had gathered with, "We suddenly started talking out loud and felt exposed to the whole world."
曼哈顿计划的物理学家乔安·辛顿告诉历史学家和物理学家鲁斯·豪威斯，当爆炸的声音传到她身边的人那里时，“我们突然开始大声说话，感觉自己置身于整个世界之中。”
1942 -- The first large plutonium reactor at Hanford shut down shortly after researchers tried to fire it up. Physicist Chien-Shiung Wu, nicknamed "the queen of nuclear research," traced the problem to Xe-135.
1942年——汉福德的第一个大型钚反应堆在研究人员试图点火后不久就关闭了。绰号“核研究女王”的物理学家吴建雄将这个问题追溯到了氙-135上。
July 16, 1945 -- The first atomic weapons test, codenamed Trinity, took place at 5:29 a.m., outside Socorro, New Mexico. The site was later designated a National Historic Landmark.
1945年7月16日——代号为“崔尼蒂”的第一次核武器试验于凌晨5点29分进行。在新墨西哥州的索科罗郊外。该遗址后来被指定为国家历史地标。
November 1945 -- The first issue of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was published. In the subsequent decades, the publication has addressed the potential for many types of human-made disasters.
1945年11月——第一期《原子科学家公报》出版了。在随后的几十年里，该出版物探讨了多种人为灾难的可能性。
September 1953 -- After much of the radioactivity had subsided, the first Trinity Site open house was held. The McDonald ranch house, where the core of the weapon was assembled, was restored in 1984 by the National Park Service.
1953年9月——在大部分放射性物质消退后，三一学院的第一次举行了开放日。1984年，美国国家公园管理局修复了组装武器核心的麦克唐纳牧场庄园。
1954 -- The Atomic Fireball candy was invented by the Ferrara Pan Candy Company. This is just one way that atomic-themed concepts entered pop culture.
1954年——原子火球糖果是费拉拉·潘糖果公司发明的。这只是原子主题概念进入流行文化的一种方式。
March 1959 -- The American Weekly published a feature by author Pearl S. Buck that recounts a discussion between Manhattan Project scientists J. Robert Oppenheimer and Arthur Compton about the possibility that an atomic bomb could ignite the atmosphere.
1959年3月——《美国周刊》刊登了珀尔·艾斯·巴克的一篇专题文章，讲述了“曼哈顿计划”的科学家小罗伯特·奥本海默和阿瑟·康普顿关于原子弹点燃大气层的可能性的讨论。
October 1961 -- Melvin Calvin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants." The work relied, in part, on radioactive carbon-14 produced in a Manhattan Project reactor.
1961年10月——梅尔文·卡尔文因“在植物中二氧化碳同化方面的研究”而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。这项工作部分依赖于曼哈顿计划反应堆产生的放射性碳-14。
1996 -- The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which aimed to ban all nuclear explosions, opened for signatures from nations.
1996年——旨在禁止所有核爆炸的《全面禁止核试验条约》已开放供各国签署。
文中提到崔尼蒂实验是哪一年进行的？
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