英语中考词汇详解(一)

——A

a (an)  art. 一个,某个,任何一个

用法:不定冠词的常见用法:

1)第一次提到,表示泛指。

2)含有数量“一”的概念,但是不如one 强烈。

ability  n. 能力;才干;才能

短语:

1. a man of ability 有能力的人

2. the ability to do sth 做某事的能力

able   adj. 有才干的;聪颖的

短语:1. be able to do sth有能力做某事

about  prep.   对于,关于;大约;在….周围;

短语:

1. be about to 即将

e.g. We were about to go when it suddenly rained.

我们正要出发,突然天下雨了。

2.look about

3.run about

4.What/How about…?

above  prep. adj. 在…之上;超过;大于,多于; 上面的;

短语:1.above all 最重要的

e.g. Above all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.

最重要的是工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。

注意:above的反义词为below

abroad  adv. 在外国;广泛地;传播

短语:

1. from abroad  从国外,从海外

e.g. His parents has just come back from abroad.

他的父母刚刚从海外回来,我们去看望他们吧

2. go abroad 出国

accept  v.接受;赞同;欢迎;听从

近义词辨析:accept 和receive

accept 是“接受、认可“的意思,是收到并接受;receive 有”收到“的意思,但不一定接受。

e.g. I received a lot of gifts on my birthday, but I didn’t accept any.

生日那天我收到许多礼物,但是我并没有收下任何礼物。

accident  n. 事故; 偶然

短语:

1.by accident意外地,偶然地

2.a traffic accident 交通事故

according to  prep. 根据…;依照

achieve  v. 实现;达到;完成

across  prep.在…对面

近义词辨析:across 和through

across表示“横过,穿过”;着重指从路线或物体表面的一边到另一边(表面)。

e.g.across the street;横过马路 。

through “穿过,从……中间通过”;着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头(内部)。

e.g. through the forest. 穿过森林。

act   n.  &  v. 行为;举动;假装 ;

短语:1.act as担任(起...作用)

词性转换:actor/actress  n.男演员/女演员

action   n.  行动;有能量;行为;

e.g.We must take action right now, otherwise we’ll be late

我们现在就得采取行动了,否则就迟到了。

active  adj.  积极的;

短语:1. take an active part in : 积极参加

e.g. I don’t think everyone should take an active part in the social activities.

我认为并不是所有的人都应该积极参与到社会活动中去。

activity  n. 活动;工作;职业

add   v.   添加;增加;合计;相当于

短语:

1. add to;

2.add up

3.add up to

4.add…to…

address  n. 地址;住址;演说;讲话

advantage  n. 优点;利益

advertisement (ad)  n.公告;启事;广告

e.g. Have you read the want ad in the newspaper?

你看过报纸上的招聘广告吗?

e.g. Put an advertisement in the newspaper

advice   n. 建义,劝告;信息

短语:1.a piece of advice一条建议

2.ask for advice 寻求建议

3.give advice提建议

4.take/follow one’s advice接受、遵照某人的建议

advise   v.给…出主意;建议;通知

短语:1.advice sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

afraid   adj. 惊慌的;恐怕

短语:1.be afraid of 害怕

e.g. Don’t be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。

2. be afraid for 担心

e.g. I’m afraid for my sister. 我担心我的妹妹。

3. I’m afraid so. /I’m afraid not. /I’m afraid that….

after  adv.,  prep & conj.  在…之后;晚于

短语: after all

1) 终究,毕竟

e.g. It has turned out to be a nice day after all.

天气终于转晴了。

afternoon   n. 下午;午后

短语:

1. in the afternoon

2. on Monday afternoon

3. on the afternoon of…

again   adv.  再一次;加之,此外;

短语:

1. again and again  一次又一次地,反复地,再三地

e.g. I called him again and again, but he didn’t answer the telephone.

我一次又一次地给他打电话,可是他就是不接。

2. now and again 有时

e.g. He came to see me now and again.

他过去来看望我。

against  prep.

1)对着,反对;

e.g. If no one is against this plan, let’s carry it out.

如果没有人反对这个计划,那我们就开始吧。

2)靠着,依着:

e.g. The policeman asked the young man to stand against the wall.

警察命令那个年轻人靠着墙站好。

age   n.  年龄;时期;变老 ;

短语:

1. for one’s age  论年龄

e.g. He looks older for his age because of years of hard work.

由于多年操劳,他看起来比实际年龄大。

2. at the age of 在…岁时

ago   adv.  以前;以往;

短语:

1. long ago  很久以前,从前:

e.g. Long long ago there loved horses.

很久以前,有一位国王,他喜爱马。

2. some time ago 不久前

e.g. Some time ago,I heard he would come to see me.

不久前,我听说他要来看我。

3. a while ago. 刚才

e.g. He was here a while ago.他刚才还在这儿。

近义词辨析:ago 和 before

ago: 应注意两点:1.用于一般过去时;2. 它所指的时间是从现在算起。

before: 也应该注意两点:1.用于过去完成时;2. 她所指的时间不是从现在算起,而是从过去某一时刻算起。

e.g. A short time before, tall trees had covered the country for many miles around.

在那时不久之前,高大的树木覆盖着方圆数英里。

agree    v. 意见一致;赞成;适合;

近义词辨析:agree to 和 agree with

agree to:意思 是“同意”,后面接表示计划、安排、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形,表示愿意协助工作。

e.g. Do you agree to this agreement? 你同意这项协议吗?

He didn’t agree to help us. 他不同意帮助我们。

agree with: 意思是“与……(意见)一致”后面一般接人,也可接意见、看法等。但不含有协助的意思。

e.g. I don’t agree with what you said. 我不同意你说的话。

I don’t agree with your idea. 我不同意你的主意。

短语:1. agree on

agreement  n.同意;一致;协议

air   n.  大气;天空;态度

短语:1. by air;  2. in the (open) air,

airline 航线;航空公司

airplane  n.  飞机

airport  n.机场;航空港

短语:1. at the airport

album  n.影集;集邮册;

all     adj. & pron.全部的,所有的;

短语:

1.all day  整日

2.all kinds of 各种各样的;

3.all over  遍布

4.all right 行,可以

5. all along  一直,始终

6. not at all

7.in all

allow  v.准许;允许;给予

短语:

1. allow sb to do sth

2.allow doing

almost   adv.  几乎,差不多;将近

alone   adj. 独自的;单独的;仅仅;

近义词辨析:lonely/alone

alone 指“独自一人胡”,强调客观事实,通常只放在动词、系动词之后,作表语,

e.g. He was alone in the room. 他独自一人在屋里。

lonely 指“孤单的”、“孤独的”,表示主观感觉,在句中作标语或主语。用作定语修饰地方时,

along  adv. & prep沿着;向前;共同,一起;

短语:

1. all along 始终,一直:

e.g. I knew the truth of the matter all long.

那件事情的真相我始终是清楚的。

2.along with 于……一道;

e.g. Yesterday I went along with my brother to the shop.

昨天我和我的弟弟一道去了那家商店。

3.get along (well) with

aloud   adv.  出声地;大声地

短语:read aloud

already  adv.早已;早;

近义词辨析: already / yet

already: “已经”惊讶于某事比预期发生得早,在问句中表示意外、惊讶的程度更强。

yet : “尚(未),已经”(用于否定句、疑问句中,谈论将要发生的事情)

also   adv. 而且;还

although  conj.虽然;尽管

always  adv.永远;总是;经常

America / the USA 美国

American  adj.美洲的;美国人

among  prep.被…所包围;其中

近义词辨析:among / between

这两个个词都含有“在……中间”的意思。

among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”

e.g. He built a house among the forest.

他在树林中盖了一间房。

between 则用于“两者之间”

e.g. What is the difference between the two words?

这两个词的区别是什么?

and  conj.和;及;就

短语:1. and so on 等等

e.g. This book tells about food, fruits, dishes and so on.

这本书讲了有关食物、水果、菜肴等等有关的东西。

angry  adj.生气的;愤怒的;疼痛的

短语:1.be angry with/at/about

animal   n.动物;牲畜

another  adj. & pron.别的;另一的;

answer   n.  &  v.  回答;解决方案;反应

短语:1.the answer to

ant  n. 蚂蚁;

e.g. There are some ants in the tree. 树里有一些蚂蚁。

any   pron.  &   adj每一的;任何一个的.

anybody   pron. 任何人;重要人物

anyone   pron. 任何人

anything   pron.  任何事;无论何事

anyway  adv.不管怎样;无论如何

anywhere  adv.不管在(到)什么地方

appear  v.出现;好像

apple   n.苹果;苹果树

April  n. 四月

Area面积;地区;范围

arm  n.胳臂;袖子

army  n.陆军;军队;大量

around  prep.围绕;环绕;在…四周

arrive   v.  到达;抵达;得出

短语:1.arrive at/in

art  n.艺术;艺术品

article  n.商品;物品;文章

as   adv.,  conj  & prep 作为主句的先行词;同样地;与……一样;

短语:

1. as…as…(用于比较)与…一样;

e.g. Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他弟弟一样高。

2. as a result 结果:

e.g. He works hard all day, as a result, he got a good mark in his English exam.

他整日努力学习,因此在英语考试中取得了优异的成绩。

3. as if 仿佛,好像:

e.g.He talks as if he knew about it. 他说起来好像知道这件事似的。

4.as long as 只要,和……一样长:

e.g.You will do well in your English study as /so long as you keep on.

只要坚持下去,你一定能学好英语 。

5. as well 也;

e.g. My class went to the cinema and I went there as well.

Asia n亚洲

Asian   a  &  n. 亚洲人;亚洲的

ask   v.  问;询问;请求

短语:

1.ask sb to do sth,

2.ask for,

asleep  adj.睡熟(的);不活跃(的 );

短语:1.fall asleep 入睡:

e.g.Though it is 12 in the night. I still find it hard to fall asleep.

尽管已经是夜里12点钟了,我发现还是很难入睡。

词型转换:Sleep/sleeping/sleepy/asleep

at   prep.在;在…里

Atlantic Ocean   n.大西洋

attention  n.专心;注意

短语:1.pay attention to

August  n.八月

aunt   n. 姑妈;姨妈;婶母

Australia  n.澳大利亚的

autumn    n.秋季;

短语:

1.mid-autumn 中秋

2.in autumn,

3.the mid-autumn festival

available  adj.现成的;可用的;自由的

avoid  n.避开;逃脱

awake  v.醒来;醒悟

away   adv. 向…走开;逝去

——B

baby   n. 婴儿;幼兽;小型

back  adv. & n.背部;背骨

短语:1.at /on the back ofbackground  n.背景;远景; 出身;个人背景。

e.g. He’s always going on about his working class background.

他老是谈论自己出身于工薪阶层家庭。

Without knowing the background the case, I couldn’t possibly comment.

因为不了解案件的背景情况,我不可能加以评论。

bad ( worse,  worst)   a 不足的;令人不快的

短语:1.be bad for

badly  adv.坏;差;非常严重地 (worse, worst)

bag  n.袋;包;囊

ball  n.球;

balloon  n.玩具气球;气球;

bamboo  n.竹;竹竿

banana    n.香蕉;香蕉树

bank  n.河岸;滩 ;银行;储蓄所;

baseball  n棒球; 棒球运动

短语:1.play baseball

basic  adj.基本的;根本的;初级的;

basket   n. .篮;篓;筐

basketball  n篮球;.篮球运动

短语:1.play basketball

bathroom   n.  浴室;厕所;

be (is,am,are) v.存在;发生;位于

beach  n.海滩;沙滩

bear n.  熊;粗鲁的人

beat   (beat, beaten)  v.  &  n.   打;击;敲打

beautiful   adj美好的;优美的;极好的

because  conj.因为;由于 ;辨析:

because of (接名词或者名词词组) 因为:

e.g. He begs because of poverty, not hunger.

他不是因为饿了,而是因为贫穷才要饭的。

because  后接句子。

become    v.  成为;变得

bed  n.

bedroom   n.寝室 ;卧室

bee  n.蜜峰;工作忙碌的人

beef  n. 牛肉;菜牛

before   prep. adv. & conj.在…之前;在前;以前;

短语:

1.before long 不久以后:

e.g. Before long ,news came that China lost the game.

不久以后传来消息说中国队比赛输了。

2.the day before yesterday :

e.g. He went to see his grandmother the day before yesterday.

他前天去看望他奶奶了。

3.long before 很久以前。

e.g.She said she had seen the film long before.

她说很久以前就看过这部电影。

begin (began, begun)   v.  开始;着手;

近义词辨析:begin / start

二者都表示“开始”后面可以接不定式或动名词,一般可以互换使用。

区别是:

1.begin 侧重于时间上一个过程的开始,指迈出第一步、采取第一个行动,与and相对;

2.start 侧重于形态上的开始,通常指由静到动的过程,与stop相对。

beginning  n.开端;起点;起源

短语:1.at the beginning of

2. begin with

behind  prep.在…背后;在……另一面

believe  相信;认为;猜想

bell  n.铃;钟

below  prep.在…下;低于

beside   prep  在……旁边;在……附近

besides  prep. & adv.除……之外;还有:

近义词辨析:except / besides

except 除……之外;侧重整体除去一部分;

e.g. We all knew about the news except Jim.

除了Jim以外,我们都知道这个消息。

besides 除……之外(还有),

e.g. We all knew about the news besides Jim.

between   prep  在……之间;(两者)

beyond  prep.在……那边;超出

big   adj.大的;巨大的(bigger, biggest);

bike =bicycle   n自行车;摩托车

bill  n.帐单;法案;招贴

bird   n.  鸟;禽

birth  n.出生;开始;出身

birthday   n.   生日;周年纪念日

biscuit  n.饼干;素坯瓷

bit  n.一小块;少量

短语:1.a bit

bitter  adj.、有苦味的;强烈的

black  adj. & n.黑色的;抑郁的

blackboard   n.  黑板;

blind  adj.瞎的;失明的;盲目的

blood  n.血;血液;激情

blow (blew, blown)  v吹气;吹走;刮;

短语:1.blow out 吹灭;

e.g. Close the windows or the  wind blow the light out.

把窗户关上,不然风会把灯吹灭。

blue n.  &  adj. 蓝色;蓝色的;悲伤的

board   n.薄木板;牌子

boat   n.小船;船

短语:1.by boat

body   n. 主体;身体;躯体

book  n书籍 ;著作;本;册.

bookshop  n书店.

boring  adj .无聊的;讨厌的

词型转换:boring/bored

born   adj. & v  出生的; 出生

短语:1.be born

borrow  v.借入;采用

短语:1.borrow …from…/lend…to

boss  n.老板;工头

both   pron. & adj. 两者都…;双方的

短语:1. both…and…,

2.both of…,

3.both/all

bottle   n.  瓶;罐;奶瓶

短语:1.a bottle of

bottom  n.底;基底;尽头;臀部

短语:1.at the bottom of

bowl  n.碗;钵

短语:1.a bowl of

box  n.盒子;箱;盆;匣

短语:1.a box of

boy  n.男孩;儿子;小伙子

brain  n.脑;脑浆;智者

brave  adj.勇敢的;无畏的 (braver,bravest)

bread   n.面包  短语:1.a piece of bread

break (broke, broken)  n. & v. 打破;损坏

短语:1.break down

breakfast   n.  早餐

短语:1.have breakfast,

2.have…for breakfast,

breathe  v.呼吸;生存;说出

短语:1.breathe in/out

bridge   n. 桥梁;纽带

bright  adj.发光的;明亮的 ;聪明的

bring (brought, brought)  v. 带来;取来;导致;

短语:

1.bring…to

2.bring sb. with,

3.bring sth for sb.

brother  n. 兄弟;同伴;教友

brown  n.  & adj. 棕色的;晒黑的

brush  v. & n. 刷子;画笔;擦;轻抹

build (built, built) v.建筑;修建;发展;

building  n. 建筑物;建造

burn (burnt, burnt)  v. 烧掉;发光;烫伤

bus    n.公共汽车;汽车

短语:1.by bus,

2.on a bus,

3. at the bus stop

business  n.事务;工作;职业;要务

短语:1.on business

busy   adj.忙碌的;杂乱的 ;

短语:1.be busy (in) doing something.忙着做……

2.be busy with 忙于……

but    conj.但是;然而

butter   n.   黄油;花生酱

butterfly  n. 蝴蝶;彩蝶;

buy (bought, bought)   v  买;购;收买

短语:1.buy sb sth/ buy sth for sb

by  prep.靠近;在……旁边

bye-bye  interj.再见

(资料整理于网络资源,仅用于教学教研之用,尊重原创和所有权)

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  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_21

    (2016·天津)I'm going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A.putB.makeC ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_6

    (浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考) With his outstanding performance, Zhang Lei ______to be the Winner of the ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_25

    (2016·江苏)-Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.   -Lack of self-confidence is ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_19

    (2016·浙江)______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A.The ; 不填 ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_5

    (浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考) Whether eating out will cause certain cancers has remained ______; expert ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_23

    (2016·天津)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_18

    (2016·浙江)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.A.th ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_27

    (2016·江苏)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on whatbas ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_26

    (2016·江苏)Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.A. ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_8

    (浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考)Raising ______ retirement age in progressive steps is in line with China's ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_4

    (浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考) -What do you think of our decoration scheme, Sir?   -Well, it seems that ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_20

    (2016·天津)I hate it when she calls me at work-I'm always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.A. ...

  • 专题1 词、短语辨析_29

    (2016·江苏)He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.a ...