1. afraid/ fear/ frightenedⅠ. afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接 of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。② The little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that clause “恐怕”,是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如:① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词,与 be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如:① We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。② He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他。Ⅲ. frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语。如:① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。② A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。2. feel like / would likeⅠ. feel like 与 would like 意思很相近,但 feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如:① I feel like (having) a drink.= I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。② Do you feel like talking a walk.= Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步?③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。Ⅱ.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如:① It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。① He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。③ 'Against’ comes after 'again’ in this cictionary. 在这本字典中 'against’ 排在 'again’ 之后。Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为:在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。① The garden is behind the house.③ The train was behind time. 火车误点了。④ You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如:① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。【3D立体文具盒,耐磨耐摔】EVA文具盒佳积布面儿童卡通中小学生铅笔盒幼儿园宝宝可爱创意笔袋男女孩多功能铅笔袋恐龙造型韩国简约一年级大容量文具袋ins潮日系文具盒
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Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而 ago 则不能这样用。① He said that he had seen her two days before. 他说他两天前见到过她。(表从她说话那时起两天前)② I had been fine the day before. (那天)前一天的天气很好。③ I’ve seen that film before. 我之前看过那部电影。④ I never met him before. 我之前从来没见过他。5. agree to/ agree with/ agree on (up on)Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)。如:① Do you agree to this plan?② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气候、食物等)适合”之意。如:① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her.吃太多肉对她身体不合适。[注意]:agree with 不能用于被动语态。Ⅲ. agree on/ upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如:① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。② They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。[注意]:此句型可转换成 agree in doing sth.如:① All of them agreed on/ upon it.= All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。
6. at times/ at all times/ all the time① The tide is, at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。Ⅱ. at all times “随时;任何时候;总是” 如:He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终” 其中time用单数形式。如:The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。Ⅰ. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如:① What’s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么?② The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。Ⅱ. purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如:① It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。② For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在?Ⅲ. object “目的” 含有比较具体的意味。往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的。如:① The object of my visit is to consult you. 我访问的目的是来和你商量。② What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的何在?[注意]:以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着。8. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ deadⅠ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如:① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者。Ⅱ. living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如:① Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。② No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为 dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如:① The cat was playing with a live mouse.这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。学霸笔记初中语文数学全国通用版全9科
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Ⅴ. lively adj. ['laivli] (livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的” 用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如:The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如:① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。② Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。Ⅱ. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。--She is eaten all the biscuits['biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!Ⅲ. all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如:She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生③ all this confusion ───→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说:① The whole city was burning.但不能说:Whole London was burning.Ⅳ. whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如:①All Indian tribes ([traib]部首) suffered from white settlement in America.② Whole Indian tribes were killed off.有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词)① 可以说:all the money 或all the wine② 不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine.③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。the whole of this confusion
11. allow/ permit/ let/ promiseⅠ. allow“允许、许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味。如:① We allowed him to depart.② Who allowed you to leave the camp?③ I can’t allow you to do that.① Will you allow me to use your pen?Ⅱ. permit “允许、许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味。如:① I will permit him to do so.② The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.[注意]:allow 与 permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着。如:① Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。② Smoking is not permitted in this theatre.Ⅲ. let.“允许、让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow通用。且更具有口语色彩。如:① Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去。② Don’t let this happen again. 不要让这种事发生了。③ Please let me know what happens.请告诉我发生些什么事。Ⅳ. promise “答应” “允诺”。与以上三个词的意义不同,用于主体答应自己要作什么的场合。如:① He promised to begin at once.② I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly.③ They promised an immediate reply.Ⅰ. almost“差不多、几乎”有 very, nearly 的意思。如:① He has almost finished his work.② Almost no one took any rest.Ⅱ. nearly “差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如:① It’s nearly five o’clock.② Nearly everyone knows it.[注意]:almost有时可与nearly通用,但当其与 no, none, nothing, never连用时,不用 nearly。如以上 almost 的例①可以互换,但例②则不能。Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如:① I’m alone but I don’t feel lonely.我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自”③ I’ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如:① We’re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.② a lonely / deserted islandⅠ. aloud adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如:① Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。② They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。Ⅱ. loud. adv “高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说笑等方面。如:① Don’t talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话。Ⅲ. loudly adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用,但含有喧闹的意味。如:① Someone knocked loudly at the door.② Don’t talk so loudly(loud).Ⅰ. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。如:① I’ve seen the film already.② The train has already left.③ Have you already had breakfast?Ⅱ. yet adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如:① He hasn’t found his bike yetⅢ. still adv “仍然、还”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中。如:① Do you still teach in that school?[注意]:still在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同。如:① He is still(还)standing there.② He is standing there still(adj.不动的、静止的)
16. also/ as well/ too/ either “也”Ⅰ. also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中;且用于肯定句中。如:① He also plays football. 他也踢足球。② I was also there.我也在那儿。Ⅱ. too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开,;用于肯定句中。如:② The two cows, too, are white.Ⅲ. as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末。如:① She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.② He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家。Ⅳ. either 用于否定句中,常置于句末。在肯定句变否定句时,其中的also, too, as well都要改为either.① Yesterday I didn’t watch TV and I didn’t see the film, either.【科目分类文件袋】双层学科拉链大容量中小学生用作业袋透明网纱A4资料袋语文分科书袋试卷收纳袋学生装卷子的袋子
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since “自从”,所表示的是一个时间点。可用作介词,也可用作连词,后接时间名词或短语,或引导时间状语从句;要求前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须用完成时态,要用延续性动词。而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常应是短暂性的动词。若接时间,则应为点时间。如:① He has worked there since1989.② She has lived here since she moved here.Ⅱ. from “自从” 只用作介词,表一个事情的开始点,可用于过去、现在或将来的时态。如:① They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning.② We have been good friends from childhood.Ⅲ. for 作为介词,后面接段时间,用于完成时、现在时、过去时和将来时,句中要用延续性动词。如:① We’ll stay here for ten minutes.② They have studied English for three yeas.Ⅰ. although conj. “尽管、虽然”引导让步状语从句,相当于 though. 只是比though稍微正式些。多用于句首。though 用于非正式文体中,较普遍,但以下几种用法,不能用although. 如:Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.Young though he is, he is quite experienced.③ though 可作副词,表示“然而”放在句末或其它位置。如:He said he would come, he didn’t though.他说他要来,结果他却没来。[注意]:在英语中如果用了although 或 though, 就不能再有but,但可以用yet或still; 反之,如果用了but , 就不能用although 和 though. 如:① Although he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但他工作仍努力。②Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.虽然天气很冷,他未穿外衣就出去了。③ He is quite strong, although very old. 他虽然很老了,但还是十分健壮。Ⅱ. though 常用作连词,“虽然”。在口语中还用着副词,一般放在句末,意为“可是、然而”等。如:① He didn’t light the fire, though it was cold.② Though it was very late, he went on working.③ He said he would come, he didn’t, though.Ⅰ. always “总是;一直”常与一般现在时连用。有时也与进行时连用, 但并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等情绪。常用于肯定句中,放在“三类词”(情态动词、助动词、系动词)之后,行为动词之前。如:① We always get up before six o’clock.② He is always thinking of others.Ⅱ. yet. “仍然;还”常与not连用。用于否定结构中。如:①He hasn’t finished the work yet. 他还没完成这项工作。
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