判定船舶超载的标准就是依照《l966年国际载重线公约(LOADLINE 1966》,所以我们还是先来看看公约里是怎么说的:(1) except as provided in paragraphs 。(2) and(3) of this article,the appropriate load lines onthe sides of the ship corresponding to the season of the year and the zone orarea in which the ship may be shall not be submerged at any time when the shipputs to sea,during the voyage or on arrival.除本章(2)、(3)条情况外,船舶两舷相应于该船舶所在季节及其所在地带或区域的载重线,不论船舶在出海时,在航行中,或在到达时,都不应被水浸没。(3) when a ship is in fresh water of unitdensity the appropriate load line may be submerged by the amount of the freshwater allowance shown on the international load line certificate. where thedensity is other than unity,anallowance shall be made proportional to the difference between 1.025 and theactual density.船舶在密度为1.000的淡水中时,其相应载重线可以被浸没到国际载重线证书上指出的淡水宽限。若密度不是1.000时,此宽限应以1.025和实际密度的差数按比例决定。(4) when a ship departs from a port situated on ariver or inland waters,deeper loading shall bepermitted corresponding to the weight of fuel and all other materials requiredfor consumption between the point of departure and the sea.船舶从江河或内陆水域的港口驶出时,准许超载重量至多相当于从出发港至海口间所需消耗的燃料和其他一切物料的重量。公约清楚说明超载与否的标准是船舶两舷的Loadline的水尺,也就是多数船舶标在船中两舷的载重线标志处的水尺,并没有提到首尾水尺,也没有提到实际载重量。简言之,公约的要求就是任何时候船中两舷载重线标志处的水尺不能超过最大相应载重线水尺,否则就是超载,无论船舶是在正平时,还是有吃水差,或是左右倾。对于非标准海水,或内水港口,可以有一定的超过量,超过量根据实际水密度与标准密度之间密度差,及内水港口与出海口间油水消耗进行扣加扣减计算。只要是公约适用的船舶,不论是大船还是小船,也不管是大宗散货还是件杂货,也不管船舶类型,船中载重线标志处(载重线圈)的水尺是判断船舶是否超载的唯一依据。而且,严格地说,船中两舷的相应载重线任一舷都不能超过,尽管有些港口勉强接受船中两舷平均值,而不致扣船,船上人员应该了解这是不对的,应避免任一舷超过,因为保险公司没那么客气,一旦在事故调查中被他们发现,将会被认定为超载。