deed-defeat：季布重诺，掷地有声
单词由音义的一面，也有形义的一面，为构词学（morphology）正名
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【造词理据】疑为拟声。源自PIE词根*dhe-（放置），模仿放下东西时发出的声音（类似汉语 掷地有声），借指放下、放置，后泛指行为、行动。
【例句】The habit of keeping pleasant is in deed better than an income of a thou-sand dollars a year.
在行动上保持愉快的习惯比年收入一千美元更让人感到愉悦。
【同根词】abdomen; abscond; affair; affect (v.1) "make a mental impression on;" affect (v.2) "make a pretense of;" affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do (v.); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction (n.1) "political party;" -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking (n.); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify.
【讨论】显然，D与F存在通转。原因尚不得而知，也许是因为词根义相同吧。
【造词理据】象形。源自PIE词根*dheub-（深的、中空的），D形表中空的，借指深的，后也指海洋很深。
【例句】It was the kind of weeping that accompanies deep grief, as in hearing news of the tragic death of a loved one.
这是一种带着极度忧伤的哀哭，如同惊闻所爱的人离世的噩耗。
【同根词】无。相关词：deepen deeply depth dip dive donald knee-deep
【造词理据】拟声。源自PIE词根 *dheusom（会呼吸的生物） ，疑为拟声，模仿动物的呼吸声，也指动物呼出来的白气。还有一种说法，认为其源自古日耳曼语词根*khrinda- （类似牛叫声cow），也是拟声。deer原指动物，后指野生动物，再后来就特指鹿了。
【例句】But when he saw it was one of the two golden deer the king had ordered spared, he was afraid to kill him.
但是当他看到那是国王下令赦免的两只金鹿中的一只时，他害怕了。
【同根词】无。相关词animal beast deerskin hart reindeer wilderness
【造词理据】拟声。见deed，源自PIE词根*dhe-（放置），de-是dis-的变体，表否定，这里指不做，特指被打败。
【例句】Grant refused to accept defeat. He said he would fight to the finish, if it took all summer.
格兰特是个拒绝失败的人，他说，他要一直战斗到底，哪怕利用一整个夏天，也都要打下去。
【同根词】见deed。
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单词成就英语，英语照见未来