create, compose, design, invent, make, produce的区别
这些动词都是关于将过去某些不存在的事物变为存在的行为。
Create 可以暗含主观故意,审美歧视,权力,控制以及所有这些。可能性最大的情况是原材料与最终产品之间有非常大的差异。A Supreme Being who creates the universe out of darkness and chaos; the novelist who creates a unique view of life by using everyday language; diplomates attempting to create world order out of the discords of warring nations. Create 也可频繁用于表示很没有意义的追求的状态词:the fashion designer creating a new line of spring dresses.
Design 和Compose在指艺术品反面是相似的,但是在应用上,他们更加特殊。Design 服装,汽车,或舞台设备的某些人仅仅只是为这些产品制定计划,而将他们的具体建造工作留给下级工匠。因此,Design 更强调设计而不是建造。而且,它不像Create那样强调原材料与最终成品之间的巨大差异性:We can design schemes to prevent urban sprawl, but we can hardly create utopias from scratch at this late date. Compose 是这里面最特别的,指音乐创作:to compose a symphony or a popular song. 在这个意义上,它更像是Create, 而不是Design. 然而,在作为被动式应用时,它的审美含义消失了,指可能的一个群体或物体的任意组合:a city composed of many ethnic strains.
Make是这一组动词中最一般的,最关键的是它既可以应用于审美或科学的行为,也可用于任何物件的制造:artists who make sculptures; biologists who make new species through hybridization; nations that make hydrogen bombs; factories that make detergents.由于Make的应用范围十分广泛,有时候我们推荐使用更加专业的词。
在科学技术环境下,invent 与美学环境下的design是一致的。invent一件产品并测试一个新概念的人可能将它的生产任务交给其他人。正如在艺术领域create 比design更有地位一样,discover, 作为科学的最高目标,也比invent 更有科学地位:Franklin discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.
produce 大部分时候指将作品实现:the last year of his life in which shakespeare produced no new plays. 但是,从另一个意义上说,produce 所暗示的作品的制作人可能没有参与creating, designing, 或inventing这件作品:theatrical technicians who produce what the palywright creates; seamstresses who produce the gown fashion experts design; factories that produce the light bulbs based on the one Edison invented.
反义词:break, destroy, kill, obliterate
