骨科英文书籍精读（298）｜急性膝关节韧带损伤（3）
我们正在精读国外经典骨科书籍《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》，想要对于骨科英文形成系统认识，为以后无障碍阅读英文文献打下基础，请持续关注。
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The cruciate ligaments provide both anteroposterior and rotary stability; they also help to resist excessive valgus and varus angulation. Both cruciate ligaments have a double bundle structure and some fibres of each bundle are taut in all positions of the knee (Petersen and Zantop, 2007). The anterior cruciate has anteromedial and posterolateral bundles, whereas the posterior cruciate has anterolateral and posteromedial bundles. Anterior displacement of the
tibia (as in the anterior drawer test) is resisted by the anteromedial bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) whilst the posterolateral part tightens as the knee extends. Posterior displacement is prevented by the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), specifically by the anterolateral bundle when the knee is in near 90 degree flexion and by the posteromedial bundle when the knee is straight (Fig. 30.2).
Injuries of the knee ligaments are common, particularly in sporting pursuits but also in road accidents, where they may be associated with fractures or dislocations. They vary in severity from a simple sprain to complete rupture. It is important to recognize that these injuries are seldom ‘unidirectional’; they often involve more than one structure and it is therefore useful to refer to them in functional terms (e.g. ‘anteromedial instability’) as well as anatomical terms (e.g. ‘torn MCL and ACL’).
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重点词汇整理：
cruciate ligaments十字韧带
/'kru:ʃiit/adj. 十字状的，十字形的
taut /tɔːt/ adj. 拉紧的；紧张的；整洁的vt. 使纠缠；使缠结
pursuit /pərˈsuːt/n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作
They vary in severity from a simple sprain to complete rupture.其严重程度不一，从单纯扭伤到完全破裂。
terms术语
百度翻译：
十字韧带提供前后和旋转的稳定性；它们也有助于抵抗过度的外翻和内翻。两个交叉韧带都有双束结构，每个束的一些纤维在膝关节的所有位置都绷紧（Petersen和Zantop，2007）。前交叉韧带有前内侧束和后外侧束，而后交叉韧带有前外侧束和后内侧束。关节前移位胫骨（如前抽屉试验）受到前交叉韧带（ACL）前内侧束的阻力，而后外侧部分随着膝盖的伸展而收紧。后交叉韧带（PCL）可防止后移，特别是当膝盖弯曲接近90度时，前外侧束可防止后移，当膝盖伸直时，后内侧束可防止后移（图30.2）。
膝关节韧带的损伤很常见，尤其是在体育运动中，但在交通事故中也很常见，因为它们可能与骨折或脱臼有关。从单纯的扭伤到完全的破裂，其严重程度各不相同。重要的是要认识到这些损伤很少是“单向的”；它们通常涉及多个结构，因此，用功能术语（如“前内侧不稳定”）和解剖学术语（如“撕裂的MCL和ACL”）来指代它们是有用的。