早期入路切口与全膝关节置换术切口相近,手术步骤繁杂、术中出血量多,并没有发挥单髁置换微创的优势。微创技术得益于牛津3代单髁的诞生以及小切口单髁技术(minimally invasive surgery UKA,MIS-UKA)的出现。仅内侧行10 cm以内的小切口,可以使用微创成形器械,无需翻转髌骨即可植入假体[17]。其优势为术后恢复快,可以早期行功能锻炼,更符合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念[18,19]。
女,80岁,右侧前内侧膝关节骨关节炎 A 术中可见外侧股骨髁负重区微小的软骨缺损 B 于软骨缺损区域行微骨折术,在其软骨缺损处钻孔后行UKA
图2
女,80岁,右侧前内侧膝关节骨关节炎 A 术中可见外侧股骨髁负重区微小的软骨缺损 B 于软骨缺损区域行微骨折术,在其软骨缺损处钻孔后行UKA
年龄、体重现已不作为UKA的禁忌证,研究显示肥胖病人UKA术后的长期随访效果良好且并不会增加失败率[30,31]。高活动量人群亦不作为禁忌证,并且术后牛津膝关节评分(Oxford knee score,OKS)及美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)显著高于非高活动量人群[32]。而由于高龄患者有限的生命预期、身体条件一般、相对活动量较少,UKA更适合高龄内侧骨关节炎患者享用终生。
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