Python基础语法14个知识点大串讲
Python基础语法大串讲
1、print 函数
print('hello')print('world!')
print('hello',end='')print('world!')
2、变量与基本数据类型
int_var = 2float_var = 3.13str_var = 'hello'
3、标识符
# 正确标识符a_1 = 1#错误标识符1_a = 1
#直接使用中文标识符变量1 = 5print(变量1)
4、保留字

5、数据类型
数字数据类型
var1 = 2 + 1.2jvar2 = complex(2,1.2)
布尔类型
T = TrueF = False
6、基本运算
算数运算

比较运算

赋值运算

逻辑运算

7、List 列表
List 列表介绍
list1 = [1,2,3,'hello',[4,5,6]]print(list1)
列表元素访问
list2 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]list2[0] #1list2[-1] #6list2[6] #访问越界!!
list3 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]list3[0:3] #[1,2,3]list3[::2] #[1,3,5]
8、Tuple 元组
tuple1 = (1,2,3,'hello',[4,5,6],(7,8,9))print(tuple1)
tuple2 = (1,2,3,'hello',[4,5,6],(7,8,9))print(tuple1[0]) #1print(tuple1[-1]) #(7,8,9)print(tuple1[-1][-1]) #9

9、Set 集合
set1 = {1,2,2,3}print(set1)
set2 = {1,2,3}set3 = {2,3,4}3 in set2 #True4 in set2 #Falseset2 | set3 #{1,2,3,4,5}set2 & set3 #{2}
10、Dictionary 字典
dict1 = {'name':'a','height':170,'weight':60}dict1['height'] #170
dict1.keys() #['name','height','weight']dict1.values() #['a',170,60]dict1.clear() #{}
11、流程控制
if 条件语句

循环语句
while 循环

for 循环

# 例:使用for和range来枚举列表中的元素for i in range(10)print(i)
12、列表推导式
list1 = [1,2,3]list2 = [3,4,5][ x * y for x in list1 for y in list2]
[ x for x in list1 if 4 > x > 1] #[2,3]
13、函数
def functionname(parameters):'函数_文档字符串'function_suitereturn [expression]
14、文件
#写文件with open('a.txt','wt') as out_file:out_file.write('写下要写的内容')#读文件with open('a.txt','rt') as in_file:text = in_file.read()print(text)
