妊娠期服用营养补充剂并无益处甚至有害

　　对于大多数营养良好的女性而言，在妊娠期间补充多种维生素和矿物质是一种“不必要的开支”，此举对她们或孩子并没有确实的益处。

　　2016年7月11日，《英国医学杂志》旗下《药物和治疗学通报》发布的一份报告指出，商家以避免健康问题为由，向女性销售每个月得花约18欧元的补充剂，使孕妇成了容易下手的目标。

　　这份通报向英国医生和药剂师汇报治疗和疾病管理信息。虽然每日摄取属于维生素B族的叶酸和维生素D已知是有益的，但没有证据表明，大量的其他维生素具保护作用。有些补充剂甚至可能是有害的，高剂量的维生素A可能会伤害发育中的胎儿。

　　多种维生素和矿物质补充剂通常含有20个或更多的活性成分。报告没有发现任何证据，建议所有孕妇应该在产前摄取英国所建议的叶酸和维生素D补充剂以外的多营养素补充剂。

Drug Ther Bull. 2016 Jul 11;54(7):81-84.

Vitamin supplementation in pregnancy.

Ensuring that a woman is well-nourished, both before and during pregnancy, is crucial for the health of the woman and that of the unborn child.1 Maternal deficiency in key nutrients has been linked to pre-eclampsia, restricted fetal growth, neural tube defects, skeletal deformity and low birth weight. Many nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients are heavily marketed to women for all stages of pregnancy. However, much of the evidence for vitamin supplementation in pregnancy comes from studies carried out in low-income countries, where women are more likely to be undernourished or malnourished than within the UK population. The challenges lie in knowing which supplements are beneficial and in improving uptake among those at most need. Here we summarise current UK guidance for vitamin supplementation in pregnancy and review the evidence behind it.

PMID: 27405305

PII: dtb.2016.7.0414

DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2016.7.0414