重:沉重。轻:轻浮。静:安静。躁:躁动。君:主君、首要、要领。行:行走。辎重:指沉重而基本的生活物资。终日行不离辎重:终日携带着辎重行走,指围绕着基本的东西作为,守护根本,而非关注细枝末节之表象。荣:屋梠两头翘起的檐角。观:宫门外张示法令的亭台。处:居住。超然:没有干扰、怡然自得的样子。乘:一车配四马为一乘。万乘之主:一国之君,承万乘所载之重,所载为天下。以身轻天下:以自身为重,以天下为轻,与“后其身”、“外其身”、“没身”相反。轻(则失本):守轻、好轻,轻浮,关注点在次要的事情上,即“数穷”。躁(则失君):守燥、好躁,爱呱噪,多政令,好干涉、好躁动,即“多言”。(三),经文释义沉重为轻浮之根本,安静为躁动之要领。所以圣人终日行走都不离辎重——围绕着重要而根本的东西作为(——持重,持守根本,处无为之事)。虽然有张示法令的亭台,檐角翘起很是威严,但燕子却在那里住得不亦乐乎(——守静,把握要领,少政令、不躁动,行不言之教)。奈何一国之君却以自身为重以天下为轻(——主次颠倒、轻重不分)!轻浮必然丢失根本,躁动必然不得要领。Heaviness is the foundation of frivolity, and quietness is the gist of agitation.Therefore, the sages walk all day long with the baggage - focus on the important and fundamental things (deal with things according to the origin of the whole ).Although there is a pavilion with a decree, and its eaves are very majestic, swallows are very happy to live there (conduct teaching according to the root of things).However, the king of a country regard himself as the most important and the people as the least (primary and secondary reversal, no distinction between heaviness and frivolity)!Frivolity is bound to lose its foundation, and agitation is bound to lose its gist.(四),问题思辨上一章指出道之名“大”的含义表明了道的规律——消亡、扩散,而后又会聚、显现,又消亡、扩散……周而复始。王需要依此规律而为即顺道而为,故“名”为“大”而成“四大”之一,为概述。从此章开始分述,阐述的形式为客观怎样,圣人怎样,王该怎样。此章讲王需要持重、守静,与“处无为之事,行不言之教”统一:处事则针对整体的起源作为,行教则针对事物的根本进行言教(见《道德经》第二章)。