古代英国牧羊犬长啥样？
注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科
05.01.2011 / EN
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 16 号
OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG
古代英国牧羊犬
©M.戴维森绘制，NKU 图片库
本图片并不一定代表该犬种的理想例子
ORIGIN: Great Britain.
起源国：英国
UTILIZATION: Sheepdog.
用途：牧羊犬
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 1 Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs).
Section 1 Sheepdogs.
Without working trial.
FCI分组：
第一组 牧羊犬和牧牛犬（不含瑞士高山牧牛犬）组
第1类 牧羊犬
无需工作犬测试。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:
Though the Old English Sheepdogs registry is listed as Britain its actual ancestry is thought to be from the European Shepherd Dogs of the Owtcharka and Bergamasco types bred to sheepdogs of Britain. It is now regarded as a native British breed, often called the Bob-Tail. Strong, compact and profusely coated; his coat is a distinctive feature and is weather resistant. Basically a country dog, intelligent and friendly; he has a particularly resonant bark sufficient to frighten off any intruder.
历史沿革：
虽然古代英国牧羊犬登记为英国犬种，实际上它的祖先被认为是欧洲牧羊犬的山犬类和贝加马斯卡类犬与英国牧羊犬培育出来的品种。现在被认为是英国原生犬种，人们常称其为“短尾”。强壮、紧凑和丰富的被毛；其被毛独具特点，可抵抗恶劣天气。基本上是乡村的狗，聪明、友好；叫声尤其洪亮，足以吓退闯入者。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Strong, square-looking dog of great symmetry and overall soundness. Absolutely free from legginess, profusely coated all over. A thick-set muscular, able-bodied dog with a most intelligent expression. The natural outline should not be artificially changed by scissoring or clipping. Of great stamina, exhibiting a gently rising topline, and a pear-shaped body when viewed from above. The gait has a typical roll when ambling or walking. Bark has a distinctive toned quality.
整体外貌：
强壮，整体呈方形，身体匀称，整体协调。腿不细长，被毛丰富。肌肉厚实，身体强壮，表情聪明。自然轮廓不应修剪。体力出众，背线稍微上扬，并且从上方看是一种梨形身材。当慢步或行走时步态是一种典型的滚动。叫声有一种独特的音调特质。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:
Dog standing lower at withers than loin. Head in proportion to the size of the body.
Muzzle measuring approximately half of the total head length.
重要比例：
站立时肩高比腰部稍低。
头部大小与身体成比例。
口吻部长度大约是整个头部的一半。
BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:
A biddable dog of even disposition. Bold, faithful and trustworthy, with no suggestion of
nervousness or unprovoked aggression.
行为/秉性：性情平稳、顺从。胆大，忠诚，可信赖，从不神经质或无缘无故产生攻击性。
HEAD: 头部
CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域
Skull: Capacious, rather square. Well arched above eyes.
头骨：宽大，近乎方形。在眼睛上方呈圆润的弧形。
Stop :Well defined.
额段：清晰。
FACIAL REGION: 面部区域
Nose: Large and black. Nostrils wide.
鼻：大，黑色。鼻孔大。
Muzzle: Strong, square and truncated.
口吻：有力，呈方形且短。
Jaws/Teeth: Teeth strong, large and evenly placed. Scissor bite - jaws strong with a perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping the lower teeth and set square to the jaws. Pincer bite tolerated but undesirable.
颌/牙齿：牙齿强壮，大且均匀分布。颌强壮，具有完美、规则而完整的剪状咬合，即：上齿紧叩下齿，成方形。钳状咬合也可接受但不理想。
Eyes: Set well apart. Dark or wall eyes. Two blue eyes acceptable. Light eyes undesirable. Pigmentation on the eye rims is preferred.
眼睛：间距宽，颜色深。两只蓝色的眼睛也可以接受。眼睛颜色浅不理想。眼圈最好有色素沉着。
Ears: Small and carried flat to side of head.
耳朵：耳朵小，两耳水平分布在头两侧。
NECK: Fairly long, strong, arched gracefully.
颈部：很长，强壮，弧度优雅。
BODY: 躯干
Rather short and compact.
极短且紧凑。
Loin: Very sturdy, broad and gently arched.
腰: 非常强健，宽大，稍稍弯曲。
Chest: Deep, capacious brisket. Ribs well-sprung.
胸：胸深，胸廓宽大。肋骨扩张良好。
TAIL: Previously customarily docked or natural stumpytail.
Docked: Customarily completely docked.
Undocked: Natural carriage. Well feathered with abundant hardtextured coat.
尾：通常断尾或自然短尾。
断尾：通常全部断尾。
未断尾：自然状态。毛发充足且大量粗硬毛。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前躯
Shoulder : Well laid back, being narrower at the point of withers than at the point of shoulder. Loaded shoulders undesirable.
肩：肩部靠后，肩隆处比肩点处略窄。肩部过于厚重是不理想的。
Elbow: Fitting close to brisket.
肘：紧靠胸部。
Forearm: Forelegs perfectly straight, with plenty of bone, holding body well from ground.
肩：笔直，骨量充足，抓地力强。
Forefeet: Small, round and tight. Toes well arched. Pads thick and hard. Turning neither in nor out.
系部：小、圆且紧凑。脚趾自然拱起。脚垫厚且硬。不内翻也不外翻。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 后躯
General appearance: Quarters well covered, round and muscular.
整体外形：关节不明显，圆且肌肉发达。
Stifle (Knee): Well turned, but not exaggerated.
后膝关节：自然弯曲，但不过分。
Lowerthigh: Long and well developed.
大腿：长且发育良好。
Hock joint : Set low.
跗关节：位置低。
Metatarsus (Rear pastern): Parallel, viewed from behind.
跖骨（后肢系部）：从后面看平行。
Hind feet: Small, round and tight. Toes well arched. Pads thick and hard. Turning neither in nor out.
后足：小、圆且紧凑。脚趾自然拱起。脚垫厚且硬。不内翻也不外翻。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
When walking, exhibits a bear-like roll from the rear. When trotting, shows effortless extension and strong driving rear action, with legs moving straight along line of travel. Very elastic at the gallop. At slow speeds, some dogs may tend to pace. When moving, the head carriage may adopt a naturally lower position.
步态/动态：
行走时从后面观察像熊一样晃动。小跑时毫不费力，后驱强劲，腿在一条直线上移动。跑起来很有弹性。速度慢时有些犬出现踱步。行走中头的位置自然偏低。
COAT: 被毛
Hair:
Hair: Profuse, of good harsh texture, not straight, but shaggy and free from curl.
Undercoat of waterproof pile. Head and skull well covered with hair, ears moderately coated, neck well coated, forelegs well coated all round, hindquarters more heavily coated than rest of body. Quality and texture to be considered above length and profusion.
毛质：丰富，质地粗糙，不直但很蓬，毛不卷，底毛防水。头部和头颅上被毛发覆盖，耳朵上毛量适中，颈部毛量丰富，前腿四周毛发多，后腿毛量比身体其他部位毛量丰富。质量，质地是比毛长和毛量更重要的考量因素。
Colour:
Any shade of grey, grizzle or blue. Body and hindquarters of solid colour with or without white socks. White patches in the solid area to be discouraged. Head, neck, forequarters and under belly to be white with or without markings. Any shade of brown undesirable.
毛色: 任何色度的灰色，灰白色或者蓝色。身体和后肢毛色为纯色，下腿可带有或者不带白袜子。不鼓励在纯色地方出现白色斑点。头部，颈部，前肢和腹部底下为白色，有或者没有斑纹。任何色度的棕色都是不理想的。
SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量
Height at the withers:
Males 61 cms and upwards.
Females 56 cms and upwards.
Type and symmetry of greatest importance, and on no account to be sacrified to size alone.
公犬不低于61厘米
母犬不低于56厘米
犬种样式和匀称性是最重要的考评因素，不能仅仅考虑身体尺寸。
FAULTS: 缺陷
FAULTS:
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on its ability to perform its traditional work.
缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及其对犬的健康和福利以及它履行它的传统的工作的能力成比例。
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
Any dog clearly showing physical of behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
失格缺陷：
有攻击性或过度羞怯
任何犬只明显表现出体力上或行为上的异常，都应被判定为失格。
N.B.：
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸
只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。
▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）