条件句的常考点是第二类条件句和第三类条件句，判断条件句的主从用什么时态，要根据具体的上下文来判断。若主句或从句给出了具体的时态，那么对应的从句或主句的时态就八九不离十了；若主从句都没给出时态，那只能从具体的上下文中出现的时态来判断，特别是混合型条件句。一、用括号中的单词的适当的条件形式填写下面的句子 1 If I _____ (have) enough money, I _____ (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I am broke.2. If I _____ (have) enough money in my twenties, I _____ (backpack) around Europe. But, unfortunately, I was broke.3. She would have been here earlier if she _____ (miss, not) the train.4. Thank you for helping me study. If you hadn't tutored me, I _____ (fail) the test.5. If I exercised more, I _____ (be) much more fit and I _____ (have, not) so many health problems.6. It's too bad Frank isn't with us. If he _____ (be) here, he_____ (can, translate) the letter for us.7. Stop asking me what Joe bought you for your birthday. Even if I _____ (know) what he bought you, I _____ (tell, not) you.8. My business trip to California was only two days. If the trip _____ (be) longer, I _____ (visit) my friends in Los Angeles.9. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I _____ (know), I _____ (make) you a vanilla birthday cake.10. Did you hear that Margaret won $2,000 in Las Vegas, and she used the money to buy a new washing machine and dryer? How boring! If I _____ (win) that much money, I _____ (go) to Tahiti for a couple of weeks.11. Sally's alarm didn't go off, and she was almost late to the interview. If she _____ (arrive) late, she _____ (might, not, get) the job.12. Jane is polite and well mannered. She _____ (say, never) anything rude or insulting. That is just the kind of person she is.13. Martha said that Paul called Nick a jerk at the party. I don't believe that! Paul is polite and well mannered. He _____ (say, never) anything rude or insulting like that.14. Penny's baby daughter almost drank some of the furniture polish which was sitting on the coffee table. If she _____ (drink, actually) the polish, she _____ (could, get) sick or even died.15. If I _____ (can, go) anywhere in the world, I _____ (go) to Egypt to see the pyramids.
二、答案、参考翻译及解析：1. had, would backpack如果我有足够的钱，我会背着背包环游欧洲。但是，不幸的是，我破产了。解析：从 I am broke 可以看出，描述的是跟现在事实相反的事情，属于第二类条件句，所以 if 条件句用过去时，主句用 would（should/ could/ might）+ 不带 to 不定式，因此用 had 和 would backpack.2. had had, would have backpacked如果我20多岁时有足够的钱，我就可以背着背包环游欧洲了。但不幸的是，我破产了。解析：从 I was broke 可以看出，描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，属于第三类条件句，所以 if 条件句用过去完成时，主句用 would（should/ could/ might）+ have + 过去分词，因此用 had had 和 would have backpacked.3. hadn't missed如果她没有误火车，她早就到了。解析：从主句 would have been here 可以看出，描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以 if 条件句用过去完成时，因此用 hadn't missed.4. would have failed谢谢你帮我学习。如果你没有辅导我，我考试就会不及格。解析：从从句 hadn't tutored me 可以看出，描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，因此主句用 would（should/ could/ might）+ have + 过去分词，所以用 would have failed.5. would be如果我多锻炼，我会更健康，也不会有那么多健康问题。解析：从从句 exercised more 可以看出，描述的是跟现在相反的事情，因此主句用 would（should/ could/ might）+ 不带 to 不定式，所以用 would be.6. were, could translate弗兰克不在我们身边真是太遗憾了。如果他在这儿，他可以为我们翻译这封信。解析：从 isn't with us 可以看出，后面描述的是跟现在相反的事情，因此从句用一般过去式，主句用 would（should/ could/ might）+ 不带 to 不定式，所以用 were 和 could translate. (would + could =>could)7. knew, wouldn't tell别问我乔给你买了什么生日礼物。即使我知道他给你买了什么，我也不会告诉你。解析：从 he bought you 可以看出，知道的动作 know 只能发生在买之后（买了才知道到底买了什么），所以 if 从句用一般过去时 knew，那么主句用 wouldn't tell.8. had been, would have visited我去加利福尼亚的商务旅行只有两天。如果这次旅行时间长一点，我就会去洛杉矶拜访我的朋友了。解析：从 was only two days 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，因此从句用过去完成时 had been，主句用 would have visited.9. had known, would have made对不起，我不知道你对巧克力过敏。如果我知道的话，我会给你做一个香草生日蛋糕。解析：从 didn't know 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以从句用过去完成时 had known，主句用 would have made.10. had won, would have gone你听说玛格丽特在拉斯维加斯赢了2000美元，她用这些钱买了一台新洗衣机和烘干机吗？真无聊！如果我赢了那么多钱，我就去塔希提岛几个星期了。解析：从 won $2,000 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以从句用过去完成时 had won，主句用 would have gone.11. had arrived, might not/mightn't have got萨莉的闹钟没有响，她几乎迟到了。如果她迟到了，她可能得不到那份工作。解析：从 didn't go off 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以从句用过去完成时，主句用 might not have got （would + might=>might）.12. would never say简彬彬有礼。她从不说任何粗鲁或侮辱的话。她就是这样的人。解析：此句省略了整个 if 条件从句（If Jane was polite and well mannered）；从 is polite 可以看出，后面描述的是跟现在事实相反的事情，所以主句用 would never say，注意频度副词 never 要放在实义动词 say 之前。13. would never have said玛莎说保罗在聚会上说尼克是个混蛋。我不相信！保罗彬彬有礼。他决不会说那样粗鲁或侮辱的话。解析：此句也省略了整个 if 条件句（If Paul was polite and well mannered），且是一个混合型条件句；从 called Nick a jerk 和 like that 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以主句用 would never have said，注意频度副词 never 要放在实义动词 say 之前。14. had actually drunk, could have got彭妮的小女儿几乎喝了一些放在咖啡桌上的家具上光油。如果她真的喝了波兰酒，她可能会生病甚至死亡。解析：从 drank some 可以看出，后面描述的是跟过去事实相反的事情，所以从句用 had actually drunk，主句用 could have got（would + could=>could）.15. could go, would go如果我能去世界上任何地方，我就会去埃及看金字塔。解析：此句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，所以从句用 could go（can 的过去式是 could），主句用 would go.词或词组辨析：1. vanilla [vəˈnɪlə] 香草香精
