高考英语核心单词、短语专项练习（B-E）
◆bearv. ①to be able to accept and deal with something unpleasant忍受，忍耐；②to support the weight of someone or something支撑，承受（重量）；③to take responsibility for something 承担；④to have a feeling, especially a negative feeling 心怀（感情）；⑤to carry something so that it can be seen 显示，带有；⑥to carry someone or something, especially while moving 携带；⑦to give birth to a child 生育；⑧to produce flowers or fruit开（花），结（果实）
【常用搭配】
can’t bear doing / to do sth. 无法忍受做某事
bear sb. doing sth. 忍受某人做某事
bear in mind 牢记在心
【拓展】
unbearable adj. 无法忍受的；承受不住的
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. My fatigue became almost unbearable. ________________
2. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. ________________
3. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. ________________
4. But your new neighbors may be feeling lonely and unsure, especially if they’re far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes. _________________
Key: 1. 无法忍受的 2. 忍受 3. 牢记在心 4. 携带
◆break away①to move away from someone who is holding you挣脱，逃脱；②to leave a group or political party and form another group, usually because of a disagreement脱离，摆脱（某团体或组织）
◆break down①to change or remove something that prevents people from working together and having a successful relationship with each other消除；②to stop functioning坏掉，失效；③if a substance breaks down or something breaks it down, it changes as a result of a chemical process 分解；④to lose control of your feelings and start crying禁不住痛哭起来
◆break into①to enter a building or car by using force, in order to steal something 破门而入，强行闯入；②to begin (laughing, singing, etc.) suddenly突然开始（笑、唱等）；③to become involved in a new job or business activity开始从事，进入（新的工作或商业活动）
◆break off ①to separate something, using force断开，折断；②to end a relationship断绝（关系）；③to suddenly stop doing something or talking to someone突然结束，中断谈话
◆break out (of war, fighting or other unpleasant events) to start suddenly（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发
◆break up①if something breaks up, or if you break it up, it breaks into a lot of small pieces（使）破碎；②to separate something into several smaller parts 分拆，分解；③to come to an end or to end a relationship结束；④to become very weak身体衰弱；⑤when a school breaks up, it closes for a holiday（学校）开始放假
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. However, she broke away from him to rush back home each night. ________________
2. When some refuse vaccination (接种疫苗) and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. ________________
3. The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them. ________________
4. He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. ________________
5. No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ________________
6. He broke off in mid-sentence to shake hands with the new arrivals. ________________
7. Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. ________________
8. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. ________________
9. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. ________________
10. Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. ________________
Key: 1. 挣脱他 2. 失效
3. 消除一些贸易障碍 4. 禁不住痛哭起来
5. 响起雷鸣般的掌声 6. 中断谈话
7. 战争爆发 8. 破碎
9. 把像谷歌这样的公司分解成五个小公司
10. 永久地结束了他们的友谊
◆bring about to make something happen导致，引起，带来……的结果
◆bring back①to return something归还；②to make you remember something使回想起；③to start to use something again that was used in the past（使）恢复
◆bring down①to reduce something to a lower level减少，降低；②to make something fall to the ground by shooting at it击落；③to fly a plane down to the ground使降落
◆bring in①to ask someone to do a particular job or to be involved in something请……做，让……参与；②to introduce a new law提出（新法案）；③to attract customers to a shop or business 吸引，引入；④to make or earn a particular amount of money赚得，挣
◆bring on①to make something develop, usually something unpleasant使发展，导致（通常指坏事）；②to make crops, fruit, etc. grow well促使（作物、水果等）成长
◆bring out①to make something appear使显现，使表现出；②to publish something that will be sold to the public推出（新产品）
◆bring up①to care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave, etc.抚养，教育；②to mention a subject or start to talk about it提出；③to make something appear on a computer screen使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry ... ________________
2. When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back. ________________
3. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. ________________
4. Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. ________________
5. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线). ________________
6. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. _______________
7. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony — while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. （江苏2011） ________________
8. Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor. ________________
9. The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. ________________
10. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free ... ________________
Key: 1. 带来一个利润高、增长快的行业
2. 当盘子被还回来时
3. 恢复它们的老样子
4. 降低他们的学习成绩
5. 击落
6. 赚钱
7. 给个人和团队带来危害
8. 使她作为一名医生的最佳素质显现了出来
9. 教育他们的孩子
10. 调出几十个在线公司
◆by accident / chance in a way that is not planned or intended 偶然地，碰巧
◆by day / night during the day / night 在白天/夜间
◆by means of using a particular method or system借助，靠
◆by no means / not by any means not at all 绝不，一点也不
◆by mistake without intending to 错误地，无意中
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too. But it doesn’t happen by accident. ________________
2. Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night. ________________
3. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. _______________
4. It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. ________________
5. Then another trouble occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, by mistake, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁). ________________
Key: 1. 偶然发生 2. 那两本书白天是我的伴侣
3. 借助短信 4. 一点也不清楚 5. 无意中
◆case ①a container or covering used to protect or store things容器，盒子，箱子；②a particular situation or a situation of a particular type具体情况，事例；③(the case) the true situation实情，事实；④a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police 案情，案件；⑤an example of a disease or a person who has a disease病例，病人
【常用搭配】
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
(just) in case 以防；如果
in case of 如果发生；防备
in that case 既然那样，假使那样的话
be on the case 处理事件
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Already this year, 115 measles (麻疹) cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. ______________
3. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases ... ________________
4. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. ________________
5. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck. ________________
6. How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. ________________
7. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs. ________________
Key: 1. 病例 2. 假使那样的话 3. 盒子 4. 案件 5. 以防 6. 处理事件 7. 无论如何
◆carry v. ①to hold something in your hand or arms, or support it as you take it somewhere搬，扛，背；②to have something with you in your pocket, bag, etc. everywhere you go携带；③to take people or things from one place to another in a vehicle, ship, or plane运送，运载；④to have a disease which can be given to others传播（疾病）；⑤to support the weight of something支撑，承载；⑥to contain a particular piece of information or news刊登，播出，报道；⑦to have something as a particular quality具有
【拓展】
carry away 拿走，搬走；冲走，卷走；吸引住
carry on (with) 进行（……）；（把……）继续下去
carry out 实施，执行
carry over 继续存在，保存下去
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. ________________
2. She is determined to carry on with her education. ________________
3. One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. ________________
4. Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. ________________
5. They would have the medicine sent by rail from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers”— would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力). ________________
6. My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. ________________
7. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. ________________
Key: 1. 携带 2. 继续她的教育
3. 扛/背 4. 具有
5. 运送 6. 实施它
7. 继续存在 8. 播出
◆catch v.①to suddenly take hold of someone or something with your hand抓住，握住；②to hold a liquid when it falls接（落下的液体）；③to capture a person or an animal that tries or would try to escape逮住，捕获；④to see someone doing something wrong or secret发现；⑤to be in time to get on a train, plane, etc. before it leaves赶上（火车、飞机等）；⑥to notice something only for a moment察觉，瞥见；⑦to happen unexpectedly and put someone in a difficult situation突然遭受；⑧to hear or understand something听清楚，领会；⑨to make you notice something and feel interested in it引起，激发
【常用搭配】
catch hold of 抓住
catch sight of 看见
be / get caught in 遇上（某物而陷入困境）
【拓展】
catch one’s breath （由于恐惧、震惊等）屏息，屏气；（跑或激烈运动后）喘口气
catch on 受欢迎，流行起来；理解，明白
catch sb. out 抓住某人的短处，指出某人的过失
catch up (with sb.) 赶上（某人）
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch. ________________
2. The only components required, though, are a 5’×5’ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container ... to catch the water. ________________
3. After climbing up a hill ..., I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. ________________
4. ... they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. ________________
5. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. ________________
6. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. ________________
7. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination ... ________________
8. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” ________________
9. ... as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out) ... ________________
10. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished. ________________
Key: 1. 要赶火车 2. 接水 3. 喘口气 4. 赶上他 5. 捕获 6. 突遇飓风
7. 激发/引起 8. 受欢迎 9. 被指出过失 10. 被发现
◆concern v. ①to affect or involve someone影响，涉及；②if a book, report, etc. concerns someone or something, it is about them（书、报告等）关于；③to make someone feel worried or upset使担忧
n. ①something that is important to you or that involves you关切的事；②worry, anxiety担心，忧虑；③a feeling of wanting someone to be happy and healthy关爱，关心
【拓展】
none of one’s concern 和某人毫无关系
concerned adj. 有关的；担心的，忧虑的；感兴趣的
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. ________________
2. Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). ________________
3. If we could show concern to others in need, the world would be a better place to live in. ________________
4. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. ________________
Key: 1. 担心/忧虑 2. 感兴趣的
3. 关爱/关心 4. 主要和……有关
◆cover v.①to put something over or be over something in order to hide, close, or protect it遮盖；②to travel a particular distance行走（一段路程）；③to be enough money to pay for something足够支付；④to spread over an area占（一片面积）；⑤to include or deal with a particular subject or group of things涉及，包含；⑥to report the details of an event for a newspaper or a television or radio programme报道；⑦to lie or spread over the surface of something覆盖
n.①the outer front or back part of a magazine, book, etc. 封面，封底；②[复数]the sheets, blankets, etc. on a bed床单，被子；③a thing that is put over or on another thing, usually to protect it or to decorate it覆盖物，盖子
【常用搭配】be covered with 覆盖着
【拓展】cover up （完全）盖住；掩盖（错误、罪行等的）真相
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet ...________________
2. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. ________________
3. Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address. _______________
4. —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media have covered it in a variety of forms. ________________
5. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. ________________
6. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt ... ________________
7. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes. ________________
Key: 1. 遮盖 2. 行走 3. 包含 4. 报道 5. 被子 6. 掩盖……的真相 7. 封面 8. 足够支付
◆call for①to collect someone in order to go somewhere（去）接；②to need something需要；③to publicly ask for something to happen要求
◆call in①to ask someone to come and help you with a difficult situation召来，叫来；②to visit a person or place while you are on your way to somewhere else顺路到某人家或某处；③to order or ask for the return of something下令收回，要求退回
◆call on / upon ①to visit someone for a short time拜访；②to formally invite or ask someone to speak, etc. 要求（某人讲话等）；③to ask or demand that someone do something号召，呼吁
◆call out①to say something loudly大声说出；②to ask or order a person or an organization to help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation召唤出动
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute (静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment ... ________________
2. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them. ________________
3. I’ve got into the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. ________________
4. The library called in the book I borrowed because a professor urgently needed it. ________________
5. I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.________________
6. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. （ ________________
7. Rushing out gratefully I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?”________________
Key: 1. 需要一个安静的环境 2. 要求
3. 顺路到我（外）祖父母家 4. 要求退回我借的书
5. 讨厌被要求在课堂上讲话 6. 呼吁 7. 大声说出
◆come across①to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance偶然遇见，碰上；②to be understood被理解，被弄懂
◆come along①to appear or arrive出现，到来；②to go to a place with someone跟随；③to be developing or making progress取得进展
◆come down to to be able to be explained by a single important point可归结为
◆come on①to improve or develop in the way you want改善，进展；②used to tell someone to hurry or to encourage someone to do something快点，来吧；③used to show that you know what someone has said is not correct得了吧；④to begin to operate开始运转
◆come out①to be produced or published上市，出版；②to become known为人所知；③(of flowers) to open开花；④to end up结束
◆come through①to continue to exist or succeed after a difficult or dangerous time经历……仍活着，安然度过；②to arrive by telephone, radio, etc. or through an official organization（用电话、无线电等或由官方机构）传来
◆come to ①to add up to a total amount共计；②to be a question of谈到，涉及；③if something comes to you, you think of it or remember it被记起（或想出）；④to develop so that something bad happens变糟到某种情形
◆come to one’s aid to help someone前来/去援助某人
◆come to life ①to start to be alive苏醒过来；②to start to become exciting or lively活跃起来
◆come up①to happen发生，出现；②if someone comes up to you, they come close to you, especially in order to speak to you走近，靠近；③to be happening soon即将到来，很快发生；④to appear above the soil长出地面；⑤to be mentioned or suggested被提及
◆come up with to think of an idea, plan or reply想出
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. ________________
2. Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight? ________________
3. Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. ________________
4. Lee is coming on very well now and it’s a matter of deciding how to fit him into the team. ________________
5. —It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!
—Oh, come on. I could do it in 30 minutes. ________________
6. The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year ... ________________
7. Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring. ________________
8. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination. ________________
9. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost (充当首领). ________________
10. Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid. ________________
11. As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life. ________________
12. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. ________________
13. His name came up whenever the matter of nuclear energy was discussed. ________________
14. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. ________________
Key: 1. 碰上我的新邻居 2. 随我们今晚去看电影
3. 可归结为运气 4. 进展得很顺利
5. 得了吧 6. 今年上市
7. 一些花已经开了 8. 安然度过了多次手术
9. 当谈到胎教 10. 来帮你
11. 活跃起来 12. 出现
13. 他的名字被提及 14. 想出了一个骇人听闻的主意
◆cut across to go across something in order to make your route shorter抄近路穿过
◆cut away to remove unwanted or unnecessary parts from something by cutting it切除，剪掉
◆cut down①to reduce the size, amount or number of something压缩，减少；②to make something fall down by cutting it at the base砍倒
◆cut in①to interrupt someone who is speaking by saying something插嘴；②to go in front of other people who are waiting插队
◆cut off①to remove something from something larger by cutting切下，剪掉；②to stop the supply of something停止，中断（供给）；③to block off so that further movement out or in is impossible隔绝
◆cut up to cut something into small pieces切碎，剁碎
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. They didn’t want to walk to the corner and turn, so they cut across the lane to the bus stop. ________________
2. They cut away all the dead branches from the tree. ________________
3. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to sell the wood. ________________
4. “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.________________
5. ... the wicked (邪恶的) stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe. ________________
6. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world. ________________
7. —Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes. ________________
Key: 1. 抄近路穿过小巷 2. 剪掉所有的枯枝
3. 砍树 4. 插嘴
5. 切下她的大脚趾 6. 感到与世隔绝
7. 切辣椒
◆demand n. ①a very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get要求；②[复数] the difficult or tiring things you have to do, or the skills you need困难（或累人）的事情，（对技能的）要求；③the need or desire that people have for goods and services需要，需求
v. ①to ask for something very firmly强烈要求；②if one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully需要
【常用搭配】
make demands on ... 对……提出要求
demand for ... 对……的要求/需求
【拓展】
by / due to popular demand 由于普遍要求
in demand 需求大
on demand 一经要求
demanding adj. （工作）要求高的，费力的；（人）苛求的，难满足的
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits ... ________________
2. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.________________
3. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers.________________
5. Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners. ________________
6. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. ________________
7. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. ________________
8. In response to the audience’s great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. ________________
9. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS). ________________
Key: 1. 强烈要求 2. 需求 3. 苛求的
4. 需要 5. 由于普遍要求 6. 需求大
7. 一经要求 8. 要求 9. 要求高的
◆doubt n.
a feeling of being not sure whether something is true or right疑惑，怀疑，不确定，不相信
①to think that something may not be true or that it is unlikely怀疑，不确定；
②to not trust or have confidence in someone不相信
【常用搭配】
doubt about 对……的不相信
there is little / some / no doubt (that) ... 几乎没有疑问/有一些疑问/毫无疑问……
【拓展】
if in doubt 如果拿不准，如果没把握
no doubt 无疑，很可能
beyond / without doubt 无疑，确实
doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不确定的；可疑的，值得怀疑的
undoubtedly adv. 毋庸置疑地，的确
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. ________________
2. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose. ________________
3. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. ________________
4. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding — undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism — if they had been made last week. ________________
5. If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to Customs. ________________
6. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. ________________
7. The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. ________________
Key: 1. 无疑 2. 怀疑 3. 怀疑
4. 毋庸置疑地 5. 如果拿不准 6. 毫无疑问
7. 值得怀疑的
◆escape v. ①to get away from a dangerous place or unpleasant situation逃跑，逃离，摆脱；②to avoid something bad避开，避免；③to be forgotten or unnoticed被忘掉，未被注意；④to get out of a container, especially through a hole or crack漏出，泄漏
n. ①the act of getting away from a place, or a dangerous or bad situation逃跑，逃脱；②a way to forget about your life and problems for a short time逃避现实，消遣；③an amount of gas, liquid, etc. that accidentally comes out of the place where it is being kept, or an occasion when this happens漏出，渗出（量）
【常用搭配】
escape from 从……中逃脱
narrow escape 死里逃生
【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。
1. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.________________
2. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. ________________
3. On the last night, the prince placed something sticky on the stairs; as Cinderella made her escape, a shoe got stuck on it.________________
4. Although he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.________________
5. Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. ________________
Key: 1. 逃离 2. 避开 3. 逃跑
4. 不被注意 5. 从……中逃脱