文献精选|静脉可视化设备在淋巴静脉吻合术前可帮助识别理想静脉

淋巴水肿是指机体某些部位淋巴液回流受阻引起的软组织液在体表反复感染后皮下纤维结缔组织增生,脂肪硬化,若为肢体则增粗。后期皮肤增厚、粗糙、坚韧如象皮,也称“象皮肿”。 长期以来,淋巴水肿多采用保守治疗,如抬高患肢、加压包扎、烘绑及微波等,虽取得一定疗效,但不能根治,大部分患者进行反复多次治疗,最终错失治疗良机。目前淋巴管静脉吻合术应用最广泛,效果最佳。

淋巴管静脉吻合术手术示意图

淋巴管静脉吻合术手术(LVA)基于淋巴管与静脉的相似性,使得人们尝试建立人工引流通道,将外周淋巴液直接引流到附近静脉,从而达到生理性引流,减少局部的液体瘀积。常用的是将腋窝淋巴结吻合于头静脉,腘窝淋巴结吻合于股静脉,或将腹股沟淋巴结吻合于大隐静脉。这里要注意,有严重的大隐静脉病变,如髂静脉栓塞和急性血管栓塞性病变者,不宜施行该种手术,如果用于引流的静脉通畅不理想或有病变,会引起吻合口的淋巴引流越来越少,静脉血反流发生,从而成形成血栓,吻合口堵塞,产生手术失败,所以术前要进行静脉功能测定,确定最佳静脉用于淋巴结吻合术至关重要。静脉成像仪用于辅助确定最佳静脉被引起关注,并在临床中得到可行性数据。

本研究自2016年10月至2017年3月,来自的台湾杨嘉慎博士、吴少春博士、蒋敏贤博士、林伟车博士一同在台湾高雄长庚医院进行了该项研究,共有28名接受治疗的淋巴水肿患者,其中采用无创静脉成像仪对5例女性LVA患者的无返流静脉进行了预选,结果显示,实验组13条静脉中有12条静脉成像仪预先选择,92%敏感性,证实在LVA术中无返流。对照组23例,未使用可视化工具,其中56条静脉中有21条无反流,37.5%敏感性。(如表)

实验组与对照组数据对比表

研究中对静脉成像仪的使用,不仅用于静脉定位,而且还用于选择无回流静脉。(如示范图)

首先,静脉成像仪在静脉定位时的作用,可用来确定几根可以用于手术的通畅性好、显示清晰完整的静脉。

其次,静脉成像仪在无回流静脉选择时的观测。从确定的几根静脉进行回流观测,在挤压试验中,可以看出血流方向。从远端流向心脏端为回流正常,是可用于手术的静脉,如果无回流或反流阳性静脉,说明该静脉不能用于吻合手术,以此来排除问题静脉。

这项研究表明,使用无创静脉成像仪来识别回流的可行性,将显示LVA术前游离静脉,并可明显提高无反流静脉的识别率。解剖位置常在手背、手腕和肘部、脚和手腕、踝关节部位,静脉可视化成像仪对这些部位识别简单,快速成像,可以探查浅静脉的理想静脉,对确定无返流静脉有很明显的辅助作用。

从临床来看,过多的淋巴液绕过堵塞部位,直接引流入外周静脉符合生理情况。肢体淋巴水肿患者早期进行淋巴管静脉吻合术,远期疗效显著,微创手术伤害小,手术并发症少,费用低,在临床上应用会越来越多,值得进一步研究和推广。该项研发在第26届世界淋巴学大会上发表,并在2017年,西班牙巴塞罗那进行口头报告。

(中科微影翻译)

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随着血管可视化业务不断扩大,中科微光从2018年起组建中科微影事业部,原红外血管成像仪品牌由VIVOLIHGT 升级为VEINCAS,由中科微影事业部独立运营,产品、技术和客户服务均保持不变。

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