General Procedure for the Cyanation:To a 20 mL scintillation vial with a stir bar were added XantPhos−PdCl2(53 mg, 0.07 mmol, 0.01 equiv), (hetero)aryl bromide (7 mmol), and zinc cyanide (461 mg, 3.85 mmol, 0.55 equiv). The vial was capped with a pressure relief septa and evacuated and purged with N2 five times. Degassed N,N- dimethylacetamide (7 mL) (degassed by sparging N2) was added along with degassed N,N-diisopropylethylamine (24 μL, 0.138 mmol, 0.02 equiv), all under N2. The reaction mixture was heated to 85 °C until complete conversion was observed, as judged by HPLC. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, and 20 mL of a 10:2:88 (NaCl, K2CO3, H2O, wt%) solution was added followed by EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL). The combined organics were washed with H2O (20 mL) and dried (Na2SO4). After concentrating in vacuo, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography to yield the desired product。